Giải bài tập anh văn 10 unit 9 trang 41 năm 2024
Reported speech (Lời nói gián tiếp)
1. Direct speech được gọi là lời nói trực tiếp. - Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) là lời nói khi chúng ta lặp lại nguyên văn của người nào đó. Ex: Peter says: “I am hungry”. Peter nói: Tôi đói bụng”. 2. Reported speech/indirect speech được gọi là lời nói gián tiếp. - Lời nói gián tiếp (reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần dùng đúng những từ của người nói. Ex: Peter said that he was hungry. Peter nói rằng cậu ấy đói bụng. Indirect speech or Reported speech (Lời nói gián tiếp hay còn gọi là lời tường thuật) Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói gián tiếp khi chúng ta dùng từ ngữ của mình để tường thuật lại điều mà người nào đó nói. Muốn đổi câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu và đề nghị từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta phải thay đổi chủ từ, động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian hay địa điểm. 3. Động từ tường thuật thường được dùng là: ordered = commanded: ra lệnh asked = requested: yêu cầu begged: nài nỉ told: bảo Ex: Direct: The teacher said to the students: “Sit down”. Indirect: The teacher told the student to sit down. Ex: Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Don’t look at your books!” Indirect: The teacher told the students not to look at their books. II. Muốn đổi một câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, ta phải chú ý những nguyên tắc sau:
Ex: My friend said, “I will call him tomorrow”. —> My friend said that she would call him the day after.
Ex: He said to his friend, “He will leave Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow”. —> He told his friend that he would leave Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow. Lưu ý: - Khi chuyển lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp, ta chuyển said to thành told - Ngoài ra còn phải thay đổi ngôi số của đại từ cho phù hợp. Ex: He said, “I have to finish these exercises” He told me that he had to finish those exercises. - Ngoài say và tell một số động từ khác như ask, answer, exclaim, suggest,... cũng được dùng để tường thuật tùy theo ý nghĩa của câu lời nói.
Quảng cáo DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Present simple Jerry said, “I never eat chicken.” Past simple Jerry said that she never ate chicken. Present simple progressive She said, “I’m looking for the books.” Past progressive She said she was looking for the books. Present perfect He said, “I’ve watched that film.” Past perfect He said he had watched that film. Present perfect progressive Mark said, “I’ve been learning Japanese for 4 years.” Past perfect progressive Mark said he had been learning Japanese for 4 years. Past simple Mai said, “I went to the zoo by bus.” Past simple/Past perfect Mai said she went/had gone to the zoo by bus. Past Progressive Cherry said, “I was sitting in the park at 9 o’clock.” Past progressive/Past perfect progressive Cherry said she was sitting/had been sitting in the park at 9 o’clock. Past perfect Diana said, “My money had run out.” Past perfect Diana said her money had run out. Future simple July said, “I will phone you.” Future in the past July said she would phone me. Future Progressive Thomas said, “I will be playing football tomorrow.” Future progressive in the past Thomas said he would be playing football tomorrow. Modal verbs + Can He said, “You can sit there.” Modals in the past + Could He said we can sit there. + May Tram said, “I may go to the museum.” + Might Tram said she might go to the museum. + Must Hoa said, “I must finish this report.” + Must/Had to Hoa said she must/had to finish this report.
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong lời nói trực tiếp được biến đổi thành trạng từ khác trong lời nói gián tiếp. this —> that these —> those here —> there now —> then today —> that day tonight —> that night ago —> before this week —> that week yesterday —> the day before the day before yesterday —> two days before last week — > the week before; the previous week ago —> before This + noun —> That + noun These + nouns —> Those + nouns This chỉ thị đại từ đứng một mình sẽ chuyển thành that. These chỉ thị đại từ đứng một mình sẽ chuyển thành them. Ex: Lan said, “I have seen this film” Lan said that she had seen that film. He said, “ I bought these for you, Nga” He told Nga that he had bought them for her. She said, “I met him yesterday.” She said that she had seen him the day before. Lưu ý: Trong các trường hợp sau đây thì động từ trong lời nói trực tiếp sẽ không thay đổi.
Ex: Lan says: “I am arriving at. about 6.00 a.m.” Lari says she’s arriving at about 6.00 a.m
Ex: My teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” My teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
Ex: He said, “I'd rather Lan took me to the airport” He said that he would rather Lan took him to the airport. His father said, “It’s high time you went to bed, Hung” His father told Hung that it was high time he went to bed.
|