What type of research design controls manipulate the independent variable?
3. A team of researchers is interested in conducting an experiment in order to test an important theory. In order to draw appropriate conclusions from any experiment they conduct, which of the following statements is true? [TY4.3] Show
Answer: D 4. An experimenter conducts a study examining the effects of television violence on children’s aggressiveness. To do this she asks 40 schoolboys who display normal levels of aggressiveness to watch one violent video a week for 40 weeks. On a standard measure of aggressiveness, which she administers both before and after each video over the 40-week treatment, she finds that the boys are much more aggressive in the last 10 weeks of the study. Without knowing anything more about this study, which of the following can be ruled out as a threat to the internal validity of any conclusions she may seek to draw? [TY4.4]
Answer: D 5. Which of the following can increase a researcher’s ability to generalize findings from a particular piece of research? [TY4.5]
Answer: C 6. A researcher conducts an experiment to investigate the effects of positive mood on memory. Mood is manipulated by giving participants a gift. In the experiment, before they are given a memory test, half of the participants are randomly assigned to a condition in which they are given a box of chocolates, and the other half are given nothing. Which of the following statements is not true? [TY4.6]
Answer: D 7. Which of the following is a researcher’s overall objective in using matching? [TY4.7]
Answer: A 8. Which of the following threats to validity is the most difficult to control by improving experimental design? [TY4.8]
Answer: B 9. Some researchers decided to conduct an experiment to investigate the effects of a new psychological therapy on people’s self-esteem. To do this they asked all their clients who were currently receiving treatment for low self-esteem to continue using an old therapy but treated all their new clients with the new therapy. A year later they found that clients subjected to the new therapy had much higher self-esteem. Which of the following statements is true? [TY4.9]
Answer: E 10. An experimenter conducts an experiment to see whether people's reaction time is affected by their consumption of alcohol. To do this, she conducts a study in which students from University A describe symbols as ‘red’ ‘green’ or ‘blue’ before they consume two glasses of wine and students from University B describe symbols as ‘red’ ‘green’ or ‘blue’ after they consume two glasses of wine. She hypothesizes that reaction times will be slower and that there will be more errors in the responses of students who consume alcohol before reacting to the symbols. Which of the following statements is false?
Answer: D 11. “Both (a) the process of constructing experiments and (b) the resulting structure of those experiments.” What research feature is this a glossary definition of?
Answer: A 12. “A system for deciding how to arrange objects or events in a progressive series. These are used to assign relative magnitude to psychological and behavioural phenomena (e.g. intelligence or political attitudes).” What is this a glossary definition of?
Answer: A 13. “The principle that the more relevant a dependent variable is to the issue in which a researcher is interested, the less sensitive it may be to variation in the independent variable.” What is this a glossary definition of?
Answer: D 14. “The extent to which a research finding can be generalized to other situations.” What is this a glossary definition of?
Answer: A 15. “Systematic change to an independent variable where the same participants are exposed to different levels of that variable by the experimenter.” What procedure is this a glossary definition of? Which research design allows the researcher to manipulate the independent and confounding variables?Random Assignment. The primary way that researchers accomplish this kind of control of extraneous variables across conditions is called random assignment , which means using a random process to decide which participants are tested in which conditions.
Which type of research design involves manipulating an independent variable to examine whether it causes changes in behavior?Experimental research involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the measurement of a dependent variable. Random assignment to conditions is normally used to create initial equivalence between the groups, allowing researchers to draw causal conclusions.
Which type of research variable can be manipulated?Therefore, in experiments, a researcher manipulates an independent variable to determine if it causes a change in the dependent variable.
How does experimental research design manipulate the independent variable?In experiments, you manipulate independent variables directly to see how they affect your dependent variable. The independent variable is usually applied at different levels to see how the outcomes differ. You can apply just two levels in order to find out if an independent variable has an effect at all.
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