Which reformers were the most influential in the abolitionist movement quizlet?
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finance Kelli Rice, president of LR Industries, wishes to issue a press release to bolster her company’s image and maybe even its stock price, which has been gradually falling. As controller, you have been asked to provide a list of 20 financial ratios and other operating statistics for LR Industries’ first-quarter financials and operations. Two days after you provide the data requested, Laurie Ellis, the public relations director of LR, asks you to prove the accuracy of the financial and operating data contained in the press release written by the president and edited by Laurie. In the news release, the president highlights the sales increase of 25% over last year’s first quarter and the positive change in the current ratio from 1.5:1 last year to 3:1 this year. She also emphasizes that production was up 50% over the prior year’s first quarter. You note that the release contains only positive or improved ratios and none of the negative or deteriorated ratios. For instance, no mention is made that the debt to assets ratio has increased from 35% to 55%, that inventories are up 89%, and that although the current ratio improved, the current cash debt coverage fell from .15 to .05. Nor is there any mention that the reported profit for the quarter would have been a loss had not the estimated lives of LR plant and machinery been increased by 30%. Laurie emphasized, “The Pres wants this release by early this afternoon.” ***Instructions*** (b) Is there anything unethical in the president’s actions? Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions Social Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions
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Terms in this set (132)Utopian Communities About 100 reform communities were established in the decades before the Civil War. The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis. The Second Great Awakening (1790-1840s) a series of American religious revivals occurring throughout that eastern U.S.; these revivals encouraged a culture performing good deeds in exchange for salvation, and therefore became responsible for an upswing in prison reform, the temperance cause, the feminist movement, and abolitionism How does the life of Abby Kelley reflect the many reform impulses of antebellum America? By demonstrating the interconnectedness of nineteenth-century reform movements The Shakers The Shakers were the most successful of the religious communities and had a significant impact on the outside world. millenialism The belief that Jesus is coming soon. And will reign for 1000 years. This dramatically changed society/culture. It surfaced during revivals. According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans? Voluntary associations - churches, fraternal orders, political clubs, ect Who founded the Shakers Ann Lee The Mormons' Trek The
Mormons were founded in the 1820s by Joseph Smith. Deism A popular Enlightenment era belief that there is a God, but that God isn't involved in people's lives or in revealing truths to prophets. About how many reform communities were established in the US during the first half of the nineteenth-century? 100 According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans Voluntary Associations. Oneida The founder of Oneida, John Noyes, and his followers practiced "complex marriage." Ralph Waldo Emerson American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement. What was the goal of reform communities established in the years of the Civil War? To reorganize society on a cooperative basis, hoping to restore social harmony How many reform communities often called Utopian communities were established in the United States? 100 The Oneida community —was a religious based, utopian group who focused their attention around religion (controlled which of their members would be allowed to reproduce). Who founded the Shakers? Mother Ann Lee Henry (David) Thoreau he was a Transcendentalist and a non-conformist. he condemned government and said, "The best government is the one that rules the least." He inspired passive resistance (or protest), was a naturalist and, while living in the woods, he wrote Walden. neighbor of Ralph Waldo Emerson Worldly Communities The most important secular communitarian was Robert Owen. Religion and Reform Some reform movements drew their inspiration from the religious revivalism of the Second Great Awakening. Charles Grandison Finney American Evangelist, theologian, and educator. Licensed to the Presbyterian ministry in 1824, he had phenomenal success as a revivalist in the Northeast, converting many who later became noted abolitionists. Denounced alcoholism, became one of the main ministers during The Second Great Awakening What were the Shakers? Describe four thing about the Shakers. A group of religious communities; 1) they believed that God had a "dual" personality, both male and female 2) "virgin purity" formed a major pillar in the Shaker belief 3) believed in abandoning traditional family life 4) usually separated by sex Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community Although it only lasted a few years, the New Harmony community Critics of Reform Many Americans saw the reform impulse as an attack on their freedom. For example, they did not think that it was legal to have their alcohol taken away, because it was used in many celebrations. Joseph Smith Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844; translated the Book of Mormon and died a martyr. Describe four traits of the Mormon religious movement. 1) followed the Book of Mormon 2) refused to separate church and state 3) polygamy 4) sought to create a kingdom of God on Earth At the end of their trek in the mid-1840s, Mormons led by Brigham Young founded Salt Lake City, Utah The Invention of the Asylum
Americans embarked on a program of institution building. Mormonism Founded by Joseph Smith, who claimed he was visited by God, and in 1830 he published a document called The Book of Mormon. He said it was a translation of a set of gold plates he had found in the hills of New York, revealed to him by an angel of God. Mormons led by Brigham Young founded? Salt Lake City, Utah What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums? That they were able to "cure" undesirable elements of society, where people's characters could be transformed. Burned-over districts were mainly regions like New York and Northern Ohio, where intense religious revivals occurred The Common School A tax-supported state public school system was widely adopted. What were some of the unique beliefs regarding procreation? Complex marriage and a committee that controlled which people were allowed to have children Horace Mann Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he was a prominent proponent of public school reform, and set the standard for public schools throughout the nation. Colonization The American Colonization Society (ACS), founded in 1816, promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. Noah Webster American writer who wrote textbooks to help the advancement of education. He also wrote a dictionary which helped standardize the American language. What was Brook Farm? Founded by New England transcendentalists and hoped to show that manual and intellectual labor could coexist harmoniously Common schools were much more "common" in the North Militant Abolitionism A new generation of reformers demanded immediate abolition. Dorothea Dix A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War. Where was New Harmony located? Indiana Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property Spreading the Abolitionist Message Abolitionists recognized the democratic potential in the production of printed material. American Temperance Society An organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drink problem. This group was formed in Boston in 1826, and it was the first well-organized group created to deal with the problems drunkards had on societies well being, and the possible well-being of the individuals that are heavily influenced by alcohol. The New Harmony community was influential in what way? It influenced the labor movement, educational reformers, and women's rights advocates Brook Farm hoped to show that manual and intellectual labor could coexist harmoniously (was founded by New England transcendentalists). The colonization of freed U.S. slaves to Africa prompted the adamant opposition of most free African-Americans Catherine Beecher Female reformer that pushed for female employment as teachers; however, she still embraced the role of a good homemaker for women. She was an example of the fact that not all women were pushing for radical reforms. Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because they went against the fundamental American belief of what? Property ownership, which was believed to be a key part of economic independence by Americans, while Utopian communities established unregulated voluntary settlements Slavery and Moral Suasion Nearly all abolitionists, despite their militant language, rejected violence as a means of
ending slavery. A New Vision of America The antislavery movement sought to reinvigorate the idea of freedom as a truly universal entitlement. They viewed slaves and free blacks as members of the national community. They are fellow country men, not foreigners. Blacks, once freed, should be empowered to participate fully in the public life of the United States. Descriptions of beatings, branding, and other physical sufferings of the slaves helped to popularize the idea of the bodily integrity as a basic right that slavery violated. Lucretia Mott A Quaker who attended an anti-slavery convention in 1840 and her party of women was not recognized. She and Stanton called the first women's rights convention (Seneca Falls Convention 1848) Burned-over districts were? Regions like New York and Northern Ohio, where intense religious revivals occurred How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom? They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically Black Abolitionists From its inception, blacks played a leading role in the antislavery movement. Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) An early leader of the women's suffrage (right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1869. How did reformers reconcile their desire to create a moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom? Through a vision of freedom that was liberating an controlling - sought to liberate Americans from various forms of "slavery" that made it impossible to succeed - slavery to drink, poverty, and sin Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves to Africa rested on the premise that America was fundamentally a white society "gentlemen of property and standing" Abolitionism aroused violent hostility from northerners who feared that the movement threatened to disrupt the Union, interfere with profits wrested from slave labor, and
overturn white supremacy. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869. By 1840, the temperance movement in the US had achieved what? Lowered the amount of consumption of alcohol By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol The proliferation of new institutions such as poorhouses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated the tension between liberation and control in the era's reform movements Which group was generally apposed to the temperance movement? Catholics Sara and Angelina Grimke they set out on a lecture tour to see what they have seen of slavery. They believed they were born with God-given rights and should be allowed to use them. Anti-slavery and pro-equal rights for women. The Rise of the Public Woman Women
were instrumental in the abolition movement. Women and Free Speech Women lectured in public about abolition. Sojourner Truth American abolitionist and feminist. Born into slavery, she escaped in 1827 and became a leading preacher against slavery and for the rights of women., United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883) (Ain't I A Woman?") What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums? That they were able to "cure" undesirable elements of society, where people's characters could be transformed William Lloyd Garrison argued in "Thoughts on African Colonization" that blacks were not "strangers" in America to be shipped abroad, but should be recognized as a permanent part of American society Women's Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) (1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written The proliferation of new institutions such as poor houses and asylums for the insane during the antebellum era demonstrated what? Liberation and social control of the reforms How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts? The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately Feminism and Freedom Lacking broad backing at home, early feminists found allies abroad. Robert Owen (1771-1858) Utopian socialist who improved health and safety conditions in mills, increased workers wages and reduced hours. Dreamed of establishing socialist communities the most notable was New Harmony (1826) which failed. The American Tract Society was focused on what issue? Religion Who was the North Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention? David Walker Horace Mann believed that public schools would do what things? 1) restore equality to a fractured society by bringing children of all classes together in a common learning experience and equipping the less fortunate to advance in the social scale 2) equalize the conditions of men 3) reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed in instill the proper discipline 4) build character Oneida Community A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy, communal property, and communal raising of children. Example of Religious Social Experiment Women and Work The participants at Seneca Falls rejected the identification of the home as the women's "sphere." The Slavery of Sex The concept of the "slavery of sex" empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own
subordination. Transcendentalism A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. Common schools were more "common" in what region prior to the US Civil War? The North "Social Freedom" The demand that women should enjoy the rights to
regulate their own sexual activity and procreation and to be protected by the state against violence at the hands of their husbands challenged the notion that claims for justice, freedom, and individual rights should stop at the household's door. Shakers A millennial group who believed in both Jesus and a mystic named Ann Lee. Since they were celibate and could only increase their numbers through recruitment and conversion, they eventually ceased to exist., 1840s. One of the first religious communal movements; kept men and women separate, pietistic community What did free African-Americans believe about the colonization of freed US slaves to Africa? They greatly opposed it
Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on what premise? That America was fundamentally a white society The Abolitionist Schism When organized abolitionism split into two wings in 1840, the immediate cause was a dispute over the proper role of women in antislavery work. Brook Farm A transcendentalist Utopian experiment, put into practice by transcendentalist former Unitarian minister George Ripley at a farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, at that time nine miles from Boston. The community, in operation from 1841 to 1847, was inspired by the socialist concepts of Charles Fourier. Fourierism was the belief that there could be a utopian society where people could share together to have a better lifestyle. example of secular utopia Economic Utopia an equal distribution of goods, frequently with the total abolition of money, and citizens only doing work which they enjoy and which is for the common good, leaving them with ample time for the cultivation of the arts and sciences, early version of communism/socialism, Ex: New Harmony How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830's differ from earlier antislavery efforts? By demanding immediate emancipation instead of a gradual one The Hudson River School A painting type which was a romantic, heroic, mythic style that flourished in the 19th century. It tended to paint American landscapes as beautiful and brooding. These depictions of the western frontier contributed to the western expansion as well as the idea of Manifest Destiny. The North-Carolina-born free black whose Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was? David Walker Washington Irving Author, diplomat, wrote The Sketch Book, which included "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," the first American to be recognized in England (and elsewhere) as a writer, showed growing American identity and push to have true "American" writing What did William Lloyd Garrison think should happen to the Union? Why? That the North should abrogate the Constitution and dissolve the Union to end its complicity in the evil of slavery What was Garrison's argument in "Thoughts on African Colonization"? That blacks must be recognized as part of American society, not viewed as aliens to be shipped overseas James (Fenimore) Cooper American novelist who is best remembered for his novels of frontier life, such as The Last of the Mohicans (1826), showed growing American identity and push to have true "American" writing Walt Whitman American poet and transcendentalist who was famous for his beliefs on nature, as demonstrated in his book, Leaves of Grass. He was therefore an important part for the buildup of American literature and breaking the traditional rhyme method in writing poetry. Which young minister converted by the evangelical preacher Charles G. Finney helped to create a mass constituency for abolitionism by training speakers and publishing pamphlets? Theodore Weld Nathaniel Hawthorne Originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading anti-transcendentalist. He was a descendant of Puritan settlers. The Scarlet Letter shows the hypocrisy and insensitivity of New England puritans by showing their cruelty to a woman who has committed adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet "A". Before the Civil War, who came to believe that the US Constitution did not provide national protection to the institution of slavery? Frederick Douglas perfectionism Due to the new liberal movements and religious fervor, many Americans believed that perfection was attainable. Therefore, a series of movements took place to perfect society, such as prison reform, temperance, abolitionism,etc. How did the abolitionists link themselves to the nation's Revolutionary heritage? By seizing the preamble and interpreting it as an attack on slavery Freedom's Journal First U.S. Black Newspaper What role did African-Americans play in the abolitionist movement? They financed The Liberator, to try to popularize the rejection of colonization and demanded equal rights Burned-over Districts areas of religious revivals in New York and Ohio What book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson? Uncle Tom's Cabin Washingtonian Society group of reformed drinkers What was the theory of mid-nineteenth-century physician and racial theorist Josiah Nott and George Gliddon? That blacks formed a separate species, one between whites and chimpanzees Common School tax supported public schools The frontispiece of the 1848 edition of David Walker's book depicts a black figure recovering "liberty" and "justice" from what place? Heaven What counter arguments did abolitionists use to challenge stereotypes about African-Americans? That blacks formed a separate species Theodore Weld Abolitionist who married Angelina Grimke. He equated slavery with sin and fought for the gradual elimination of the slavery. He also was a member of the Liberty Party. What was the "Freedom Journal"? The first black newspaper What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglas? It revealed the hypocrisy that proclaimed its belief in liberty yet daily committed "practices more shocking and more bloody" than any other country on Earth What is the gag rule? Prohibited the capital from considering antislavery petitions What effect did the death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837 have on Northerners' attitude about slavery? Convinced many Northerners that slavery was wrong and that it was incompatible with white's liberties Frederick Douglas wrote "When the true history of antislavery cause shall be written, _____ will occupy a large space in it's pages." Women Dorthea Dix devoted much crusading for what reform? The construction of humane treatment for the insane In what reform movements did women play a prominent role during the early mid-nineteenth century? The Female Moral Reform Society, abolitionism, and women's rights Angelina and Sarah Grimké argued against what? The separation between men and women and guarded female modesty Who were the first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women? The Grimké sisters The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments argued for what? Women's suffrage and equality for women What was the base document for the Declaration of Sentiments? The Declaration of Independence Describe the biography of Margaret Fuller. Fuller was educated at home, became part of New England's transcendentalist circle, edited the Dial, became a literary editor of the New York Tribune, and was the first women to achieve so important of a position in American Journalism What was a "bloomer" in the 1850's? A feminist style of dress What political party was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement? The Liberty Party The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840 over what issue? Women's rights and the role of women working in antislavery reforms The antislavery poet John Greenleaf Whittier compared Abby Kelley to whom? Why? Eve, Deliah, and Helen of Troy; to depict Kelley as a woman of destruction Students also viewedinquisitive #12- 130134 terms
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What were the most influences on the abolitionist movement?The movement evolved from religious roots to become a political effort that at times erupted into violence. Though most abolitionists were white, devoutly religious men and women, some of the most powerful and influential members of the movement were African American women and men who escaped from bondage.
Who influenced the abolitionist movement?The abolitionist movement was the social and political effort to end slavery everywhere. Fueled in part by religious fervor, the movement was led by people like Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth and John Brown.
Who were 2 important people in the abolition movement?They will be introduced to the following key figures: Harriet Tubman, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, John Brown, and Abraham Lincoln.
Who was the most important person in the abolitionist movement?Harriet Tubman
One day when she was an adolescent while visiting the general store, she was caught in the middle of a confrontation between a man running from his enslaver and an overseer.
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