Is the process by which the human brain assembles sensory evidence into something recognizable?

17. The perceptual process ends with some reaction.

18. Selective perception includes selective exposure, selective attention, and selective retention.

19. On his way to work, Hank passes by many billboards and many ads play on the radio while he’s driving, but he only sees and hears a few of them. This is an example of selective distortion.

20. Selective cognition involves paying attention to only certain stimuli.

21. Marketers use the term noise to describe the idea that consumers are often bombarded with too much information in their daily lives.

22. Selective distortion is a process by which consumers interpret information in ways that are biased by their previously held beliefs.

23. Subliminal processing refers to the way in which consumers can be influenced without their brain even sensing being exposed to a stimulus.

24. Subliminal stimuli are below the cognitive threshold of perception.

25. Subliminal persuasion is extremely effective.

26. The JND [just noticeable difference] represents how much stronger one stimulus has to be relative to another so that someone can notice that the two are not the same.

27. Weber’s Law states that as the intensity of the initial stimulus decreases, a consumer’s ability to detect differences between two levels of the stimulus decreases.

28. The JMD [just meaningful difference] represents how much stronger one stimulus has to be relative to another so that someone can notice that the two are not the same.

29. Implicit memory is memory for things that a person did not try to remember.

30. Voluntary memory occurs when a person is trying to remember the stimuli, such as when learning is intentional.

31. Learning requires attention.

32. The mere exposure effect has the greatest effect on familiar objects.

33. The mere exposure effect works best when the consumer is distracted from processing the focal stimulus.

34. Product placements involve branded products being shown or mentioned in movies or television shows.

35. Involuntary attention occurs when a person is startled by a loud noise and turns his head toward the source of the noise.

36. All things equal, a consumer is more likely to pay attention to stronger stimuli than to weaker stimuli.

37. Involvement refers to the personal relevance toward, or interest in, a particular product.

38. Attention refers to the interpretation or understanding that a consumer develops about some stimulus.

39. With reactive learning, consumers simply sense and react [or respond] to the environment.

40. Hans searched the Internet, talked to friends, and visited several stores when deciding on a new cell phone. Hans was engaged in proactive learning.

41. Classical conditioning and cognitive conditioning are two major approaches found in behavioral learning theory.

42. When a cat learns to run to the kitchen when it hears the sound of the electric can opener, instrumental conditioning has occurred.

43. In classical conditioning, the primary stimulus is the stimulus with which a behavioral response is already associated.

44. To be effective, the conditioned stimuli should be presented before the unconditioned stimuli, and the paring of the two should be done consistently and with repetition.

45. With classical conditioning, behavior is conditioned through reinforcement.

46. In instrumental conditioning, discriminative stimuli are stimuli that are differentiated from other stimuli because they alone signal the presence of a reinforcer.

47. Shaping is a process through which the desired behavior is altered over time, in small increments.

48. In instrumental conditioning, all reinforcement must be positive. Otherwise, behavioral change will not occur.

49. Negative reinforcement refers to the removal of bad stimuli as a way of encouraging behavior.

50. Behaviors often cease when reinforcers are no longer present.

More Questions are Included…

MULTIPLE CHOICE1._____ is the process by which the human brain assembles the sensory evidence into somethingrecognizable.a.Cognitive dissonanceb.Cognitive inertiac.Cognitive organizationd.Cognitive disequilibriume.Cognitive distortions

2.IKEA is a large retail store that offers an endless list of products. Every time Richard goes to IKEA, hemakes a note of the things he needs and avoids wasting time exploring the other products on display at thestore. Which of the following processes is exemplified by Richard’s act of filtering out products he doesnot need?

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3.The strength of a[n] _____ stimulus is lower than the absolute threshold of perception.

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c.subliminald.supraliminale.discriminative4.Which of the following concepts represents how much stronger one stimulus has to be relative to anotherso that someone can notice that the two are not the same?

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Which of the following terms refers to the way in which the human brain senses low strength stimuli that is stimuli that occur below the level of conscious awareness?

Which term refers to a change in Behaviour resulting from the interaction between a person and a stimulus?

Which type of memory develops when one is exposed to attends to and applies effort to remember?