Which is not an example of institutional occupancy

“Accessible floor area” refers to the total floor area of all covered spaces within a building, including service ducts, lift shafts, toilets, staircases, areas occupied by fixed/ moveable furniture/equipment/facilities, and any open-to-sky habitable areas above or below the first storey of the building.

1.4.2 Air well

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.2 : Air well

[ No illustration ]

The minimum air well size specification in is intended for exit staircase ventilation via an external space that is within an air well situation. To qualify as external space, the air well size shall comply with and air well shall be devoid of any overhead obstruction such as trellis over the air well as it may have an adverse effect on smoke ventilation.

Readers should not confuse the ventilation requirements for smoke-stop lobby with that for exit staircase where the air well size differs. To qualify as external space under , the air well size shall have minimum width 6m and a superficial plan area of not less than 93m2. However, in the case of exit staircase ventilation via an air well, the minimum clear width of the air well is 10m.

“Air well” refers to a space[s] enclosed substantially by building[s] and directly open to the sky. An air well can be considered as an external space if it meets the minimum clear width and length below:

TABLE 1.4.2 - AIR WELL SIZEMax. Habitable Height of BuildingMin. Clear Width and Length of Air Well18m10m24m11m36m12m48m13m60m and above14mR Rationale - Clause table 1.4.2

The table stipulates the minimum size of an air well for effective smoke ventilation equivalent to an external space. These dimensions have been validated through fire engineering study.

1.4.3 Ambulatory care facility

Amendment History

1.4.32 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Clarification

Ambulatory healthcare centre

“Ambulatory healthcare centre” is a building, or part thereof, used for providing services on an out-patient basis for treatment for patients which would render them incapable of taking action for self-preservation or safety under emergency conditions without assistance from others, such as haemodialysis units or surgical treatment requiring general anaesthesia.

2 Mar 2020Download

"Ambulatory care facility” is a building, or part thereof, used for providing services on an out-patient basis for treatment for patients which would render them incapable of taking action for self-preservation or safety under emergency conditions without assistance from others, such as haemodialysis units or surgical treatment requiring general anaesthesia. Such facilities shall include the followings:

a. Renal dialysis day centres;

b. Aesthetic clinics;

c. Non-mental rehabilitation day centres; and

d. Endoscopy clinics.

“Ancillary office” refers to any office which supports the activities of a building within Purpose Groups III, V, VI, VII and VIII and which is located within the same building or compartment as the purpose group it serves.

1.4.5 Ancillary usage

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.5 : Ancillary Usage

Figure 1.4.5

The office is “supporting” the activities at the factory production area. If the office is rented to other tenant & having activities that is not supporting the activities at the production area, it is not considered as ancillary office.

“Ancillary usage” refers to a room/space that serves a supporting function, and which belongs to the same purpose group as the primary building. Such rooms include sick/first aid rooms, reception lobbies/areas, waiting areas, staff lounges/staff recreation rooms, staff changing/locker rooms, staff training rooms, meeting rooms, workshops, laboratories [no open flame], store rooms, material/product holding areas, packing distribution areas within factories/warehouse buildings, etc..

1.4.6 Anteroom

Amendment History

1.4.6ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 12 [Cl.5] of Fire Code 2013----

“Anteroom” refers to the room leading into the BSL-3 or BSL-4 containment laboratory, used for showering and changing. It is also serves as a containment facility for controlling air flow and providing additional physical containment between the laboratory and adjoining spaces.

“Approved” refers to being approved by the SCDF.

1.4.8 Area of compartment/room/space

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.8 : Area of Compartment/Room/Space

Figure. 1.4 8 - 1

Measurement of area of room

Section

Figure. 1.4.8 - 2

Measurement of area for building without external wall

“Area of compartment/room/space” refers to the total area of any compartment/room/space bounded by the inner finished surfaces of the walls that form the compartment/room/space. Where there is no enclosing wall on any one side, the area of the compartment/room/space shall be measured by the outermost edge of the floor on that side.

1.4.9 Area of refuge

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.9 : Area of refuge

Section a - a

Figure 1.4.9 - 1

For building A to qualify for reduction in the provision of exits, adjoining building B must act as an area of refuge.

Note : The area of refuge is a temporary holding area. Hence the staircases provided need not be designed to accommodate all the people that will occupy the area of refuge in case of emergency.

Figure 1.4.9 - 2

An area in an adjoining part of the same building may act as an area of refuge.

Figure 1.4.9 - 3 : Acceptable proposal

It is acceptable for compartment B to act as an area of refuge for compartment A or vice versa as the access is through an open sided corridor.

Figure 1.4.9 - 4 : Not acceptable proposal

Compartment B is acting as an area of refuge to compartment A which is not meeting the intent of the Fire Code, hence not acceptable.

Note : It is critical that the area of refuge shall be accessible to evacuees in times of emergency. Where there is doubt that evacuees would not be able to gain access to the area of refuge owing to locking of doors and different tenancies, the concept of area of refuge would not work.

“Area of refuge” refers to an area within a building, or in an adjoining building, where evacuees can temporarily take refuge, in lieu of the requirement for adequate exit staircase provision. It shall be adequately separated from the rest of the building or adjoining building by fire-resisting construction, and connected via an external corridor or open-sided linkway. The area of refuge shall be always accessible.

1.4.10 Area of roof

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.10 : Area of Roof

Left Figure : Elevation
Right Figure : Axonometric view
Area of roof = 2[L x W]

Figure 1.4.10

Roof area computation

“Area of roof” refers to the visible roof area on a plane parallel to the pitch of the roof.

1.4.11 Area of storey

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.11 : Area of Storey

Figure 1.4.11

Storey area computation

“Area of storey” refers to the total area of that storey bounded by the inner finished surfaces of the enclosing walls. Where there is no enclosing wall on any one side, the area of storey shall be measured by the outermost edge of the floor on that side.

1.4.12 Assembly occupancy

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.12 : Assembly occupancy

[ No Illustration ]

Not all buildings or portions of buildings used for assembly occupancy of more than 50 persons are considered as public building.  defines “public building” as those buildings or part thereof used or constructed or adapted to be used as a shop, office, hospital or place of public resort, not being a church, chapel, mosque, temple or other place where public worship is or religious ceremonies are performed.

Assembly occupancy could be found in other purpose groups other than places of public resort, for example auditorium in office building, lecture theatre in school/institution, etc..

“Assembly occupancy” refers to buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering of more than 50 persons for such purpose as deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement or awaiting transportation.

1.4.13 Atrium

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.13 : Atrium

Sectional view

Figure 1.4.13 - 1

Although atrium is defined as openings connecting 2 or more storeys, the requirements stipulated in . is only applicable when the atrium is more than 3 storeys.

Section

Figure 1.4.13 - 2

The entire floor area of the interconnected space is open and unobstructed such that a fire in any part of the space will be readily obvious to the occupants of the space prior to the time it becomes a hazard to them.

“Atrium” refers to a large open space within a building created by an opening, or a series of openings, in floor assemblies, thus connecting two or more storeys. An atrium is covered at the top and is used for purposes other than those associated with small shafts, e.g., stairs, elevators and various services. The sides of the atrium can be open to all floors, to some floors or closed to all floors by non-rated or rated fire-resistant construction.

1.4.14 Authority having jurisdiction

“Authority having jurisdiction” refers to non-SCDF local entities, which may include an organisation, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirement of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

1.4.15 Basement storey

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.15 : Basement storey

Section

Figure 1.4.15 - 1

Section

Figure 1.4.15 - 2

Building built on slope and partially covered by surrounding ground

Section

Figure 1.4.15 - 3

Building with no ground level

Axonometric view

Figure 1.4.15 - 4

As Y1+Y2+Y3+Y4 > X1+X3, this level is considered as a basement

“Basement storey” refers to a storey of a building for which at least half the storey height is below the ground level, and which also adjoins its perimeter walls for at least half the length of such walls.

1.4.16 Biological Agent

Amendment History

1.4.16ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 12 [Cl.2] of Fire Code 2013----

“Biological Agent” refers to the biological agents stipulated in the First Schedule, Second Schedule and Third Schedule of the Biological Agents and Toxins Act.

1.4.17 Boundary

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.17 : Boundary

Axonometric view

Figure 1.4.17 - 1

Buildings that are directly fronting or abutting a public street, canal or river can have the facade unprotected opening measuring up to the centre of the public street, canal or river.

Figure 1.4.17 - 2

With regard to compliance of unprotected openings of the building that abuts a public street, it can be measured to the centre of public street instead of lot boundary.

“Boundary” refers to the border demarcating the area surrounding a building, and where applicable [in determining the relevant boundary], it includes the imaginary extension of the border up to the centre of an abutting street, canal or river.

1.4.18 Cavity barrier

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.18 : Cavity barrier

Section

Figure 1.4.18 - 1

Concealed ceiling space without cavity barrier

Section

Figure 1.4.18 - 2

Concealed ceiling space with cavity barrier

Section

Figure 1.4.18 - 3

Concealed floor space without cavity barrier

Section

Figure 1.4.18 - 4

Concealed floor space with cavity barrier

“Cavity barrier” refers to a fire-rated construction that seals or sub-divides a concealed space. The cavity barrier helps limit the spread of smoke and fire into or within that concealed space.

1.4.19 Ceiling

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.19 : Ceiling

Section

Detail A

Figure 1.4.19 - 1

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.19 - 2

Soffit and roof light [skylight] is included as part of the ceiling surface, but not the frame of the roof.

“Ceiling” refers to a part of a building that encloses and is exposed overhead in a room, circulation space or protected shaft. A soffit or rooflight is regarded as part of its surface, but not the frame of a rooflight.

1.4.20 Circulation space

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.20 : Circulation Space

Figure 1.4.20

In general, circulation space refers to common corridors, lobbies, etc.. It is a common area for access of occupants from a room to an exit. Such common areas are normally separated from other area with partition/walls.

[Note that car park cannot be deemed as circulation space]

“Circulation space” refers to the means of access between a room or protected shaft and an exit from the building or compartment. It does not include areas used for any commercial activity, such as information and reception counters, or areas used for exhibitions.

1.4.21 Code of Practice [CoP]

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.21 : Code of Practice

[ No illustration ]

It includes all subsequent amendments that may be issued by the SCDF. Examples of Codes of Practice or Standards that are acceptable to the SCDF are :

[a] Singapore Standards Codes of Practice

[b] British Standards Codes of Practice

[c] Australian Standards

[d] National Fire Prevention Association [NFPA] 130

For buildings which have been approved based on earlier Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings, the SCDF may consider applying the latest version to all new Additions and Alterations or Extension of works.

“Code of Practice” refers to the standard of practice acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. The SCDF may adopt requirements stipulated in the stated year of publication of any referenced Code of Practice, or at its discretion adopt those specified in a later version.

1.4.22 Coldroom

Amendment History

1.4.2201 Jan 2017Extracted from SCDF's circular08 Sep 2016-

“Coldroom” refers to a room, normally constructed of combustible insulation materials, used for the storage, processing or temporary holding of materials under cold conditions. If the floor area of cold storage space does not exceed 10m2 and its design does not permit persons to walk in, it shall be treated as an appliance and not a coldroom.

1.4.23 Compartment

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.23 : Compartment

Figure 1.4.23 - 1

Section

Figure 1.4.23 - 2

Sectional view

Figure 1.4.23 - 3

“Compartment” refers to a part of a building separated from all other parts of the same building by compartment walls and/or compartment floors. The roof space above the top storey of a compartment is regarded as part of that compartment.

1.4.24 Compartment wall & compartment floor

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.24 : Compartment Wall & Compartment Floor

Section

Figure 1.4.24

“Compartment wall” and “compartment floor” refer to walls or floors of fire-rated construction provided for the purpose of dividing a building into compartments.

“Composite panel” refers to non-homogenous panel consisting of more than one layer of different materials used for partition, finishes to ceiling/internal wall/external walls/ roof covering, etc..

1.4.26 Concealed space/Cavity

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.26 : Concealed Space [Cavity]

See explanation & illustration for

“Concealed space/Cavity” refers to a space enclosed by elements of a building [including a suspended ceiling or raised floor] or contained within an element. It is not a room, cupboard, circulation space, protected shaft or space within a flue, chute, duct, pipe or conduit.

1.4.27 Corridor

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.27 : Corridor

Figure 1.4.27 - 1

Internal corridor

Figure 1.4.27 - 2

Internal corridor + External corridor

Figure 1.4.27 - 3

External corridor

“Corridor” refers to a passage providing means of access from rooms or spaces to an exit.

1.4.28 Cross-ventilated corridor/lobby

“Cross-ventilated corridor/lobby” refers to a corridor/lobby with fixed and unobstructed ventilation openings located on opposite facing walls, which face the external space, to allow for air circulation caused by outside breezes or wind.

“Cubical extent” refers to the volume of a space within a building or compartment. This excludes protected lift walls, exit staircases and other accommodation [such as restrooms and locker rooms] which are enclosed with walls having at least 1-hr fire resistance, and openings protected by doors of ½-hr fire resistance fitted with an automatic self-closing device. It shall be measured according to the following dimensions:

a. the inner finished surfaces of the enclosing walls or, on any side where there is no enclosing wall, a plane extending vertically above the outermost edge of the floor on that side,

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.29a. : Cubicle extent of building/compartment

Figure 1.4.29a.

Cubical extent = L x b x h

b. the upper surface of its lowest floor; and

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.29b. : Cubicle extent of building/compartment

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.29b.

Cubical extent of 3rd storey = A + B + C

where : A = [L1 x b1 x h1]

B = [L2 x b2 x h2]

C = [L3 x b3 x h3]

c. where a building or compartment extends to a roof, the under-surface of the roof or the under-surface of the ceiling of the highest storey within the compartment, including the space occupied by any other wall, or any unprotected shafts, ducts or structure within the space to be so measured.

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.29c. : Cubicle extent of building/compartment

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.29c.

Cubical extent = [[H1 + H2] / 2] x L x B

[less volume of protected shaft, protected staircase & separately compartmented lavatory/locker room]

1.4.30 Custodian care facility

Amendment History

1.4.302 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Clarification

“Custodian-care facility” is a building or part thereof, without stay in accommodation, used by persons who, because of age, or physical or mental disabilities, are unable to care for their self-preservation and safety. Such buildings shall include nurseries for children under 6 years of age, senior day care centres and institutions for the mentally disabled.

2 Mar 2020Download

“Custodian-care facility” is a building or part thereof, without stay in accommodation, used by persons who, because of age, or physical or mental disabilities, are unable to care for their self-preservation and safety. Such facilities include the followings:

a. Nurseries for children under 6 years of age [e.g. kindergarten, childcare day centres, infant care day centres, etc.;

b. Senior care day centres;

c. Mentally disabled day care centres;

d. Intellectually disabled day care centres;

e. Mental rehabilitation day care centres; and

f. Psychiatric day care centres.

1.4.31 Dead-end

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.31 : Dead-end

Left Figure : "T" junction with main corridor

Right Figure : Continuation past stairway

Figure 1.4.31 : Dead-end

“Dead-end” refers to a situation within a common area, such as a corridor or lift lobby space, where exit is only possible from one end, with no possible escape from the other end.

1.4.32 Direct distance

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.32 : Direct distance

Figure 1.4.32 - 1 : Direct distance

“Direct Distance” means the shortest distance from any point within the floor area, measured with the external enclosures of the building, to the relevant exit ignoring walls, partitions and fittings other than the enclosing walls/partitions to protected staircases.

Figure 1.4.32 - 2 : Travel distance

“Travel Distance” means the actual distance to be travelled by a person from any point within a floor area to the relevant exit having regard to the layout of walls, partitions, fixtures and fitting.

“Direct distance” refers to the shortest distance from the most remote point in a room or space, measured within the external enclosures of the room or space to the relevant exits, ignoring internal walls, partitions and fittings other than the enclosure walls of exit passageways and exit staircases.

“Door” refers to any shutter, cover or other form of protection to an opening in any wall, floor or in the structure surrounding a protected shaft, regardless of whether the door is constructed of one or more leaves.

1.4.34 Electromagnetic or electromechanical door-holding device

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.34 : Electro-magnetic/mech door-holding device

See explanation/illustration for clause 1.4.35

“Electromagnetic” or “electromechanical door-holding device” refers to a device which holds doors open. This device is designed to automatically close doors in the event of a fire, thereby helping to contain the spread of smoke and fire. Events which cause these devices to trigger include the detection of smoke, failure of power supply to the door, the triggering of a fire alarm, and manual triggering.

1.4.35 Electromagnetic or electromechanical locking device

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.35 : Electromagnetic/mechanical locking device

Figure 1.4.35

Door is held open position by Electromagnetic or electro-mechanical device

Where the fire door poses a hindrance to movement between a fire compartment and another , for example, fire door across access corridor, fire door to kitchen, it is permissible to hold the fire door in the open position by electromagnetic or electromechanical device.

Amendment History

1.4.351 Sep 20211 Mar 2022Revised/ Clarification

Electromagnetic or electromechanical locking device

“Electromagnetic” or “electromechanical locking device” refers to a fail-safe device which provides access control. This device is designed to automatically unlock doors in the event of a fire, thereby helping to facilitate evacuation. An electromagnetic/electromechanical locking device shall be provided with a means of manual override located within the occupied space, 1.2m above the floor and within 1.5m of the door jamb.

1 Sep 2021Download

“Electromagnetic” or “electromechanical locking device” refers to a fail-safe device which provides egress access control. In the event of a fire alarm activation, failure of building power supply, and/or any fault in the locking devices/components, related to the release of locking mechanism, this device shall:

a. automatically unlock doors immediately to facilitate egress, and remain so until power supply is restored; and

b.    be provided with a means of manual override located within the occupied space, 1.2m above the floor and within 1.5m of the door jamb.

1.4.36 Element of structure

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.36 : Element of structure

Section

Figure 1.4.36

For building A the pitched roof is not considered as part of the structural frame of the building. However, the RC slab and beam supporting the pitched roof are considered elements of structures as they help to carry the dead load imposed by the pitched roof. For building B the RC roof is not considered as an element of structure. However, the beams supporting the RC roof are considered to be elements of structure of the building.

The columns supporting the pitch roofs are not element of structure as they are not part of the column supporting the whole building. Hence the columns only need to be constructed of non-combustible material.

“Element of structure” refers to:

a. a member forming part of the structural frame of a building or any other beam or column but not a member forming part of a roof structure only,

b. a load-bearing wall or load-bearing part of a wall,

c. a floor, including a compartment floor, other than the lowest floor [in contact with the ground] of a building,

e. a structure enclosing a protected shaft [protecting structure].

1.4.37 Emergency generator

“Emergency generator” refers to emergency power-generating equipment that complies with the requirements stipulated in SS 535.

1.4.38 Emergency lighting

“Emergency lighting” refers to lighting provided with a secondary source of power supply to illuminate the exits and spaces within a building.

1.4.39 Engineered timber

Amendment History

1.4.3910 Aug 2016Extracted from SCDF's circular10 Aug 2016-

“Engineered timber” refers to mass timber products that are manufactured according to established standards accepted by the SCDF. Examples of mass timber products are cross laminated timber [CLT] and glued laminated timber [GLT] structural elements manufactured in accordance with EN 16351 and EN 14080 respectively.

1.4.40 Evacuee holding area

Amendment History

1.4.40ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 8 [Cl.A2] of Fire Code 2013----

“Evacuee holding area” refers to a designated circulation area/space on the refuge floor for temporary assembly of occupants during a fire emergency.

“Exit” refers to a means of egress from the interior of the building to an external space. An exit includes any of the following, either singly or in combination: a door opening leading to external space, exit staircase, exit ramp and/or exit passageway, but not including an access stair, aisle, corridor door or corridor and an access door to a room or space.

1.4.42 Exit access

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.42 : Exit access

Figure 1.4.42 - 1

Door A = exit doors

Door B, C & D = exit access doors

Exit access door shall comply with all the requirements of an exit door and need not have fire resistance rating, unless it is specified.

Figure 1.4.42 - 2

Figure 1.4.42 - 3

The layout is not acceptable.

The clear width of the exit door opening is less than 850mm and the door is opened at an angle of less than 90 degree.

Figure 1.4.42 - 4

Exit doors which open into the common corridor should not cause obstruction to movement of occupants

Figure 1.4.42 - 5

Exit doors which cause obstruction when open into the common corridor shall recessed

“Exit access” refers to the portion of a means of escape that leads to an exit. It includes the room and building spaces that people occupy, as well as the doors along the escape routes, lobbies, aisles, passageways, corridors, access stairs and ramps traversed in order to reach an exit.

1.4.43 Exit access door

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.43 : Exit access door

See explanation/illustration for clause 1.4.42

“Exit access door” refers to a door which provides access to a room or space [excluding a toilet cubicle, bedroom, storeroom, utility room, pantry and the like], or installed across the escape path leading to an exit.

1.4.44 Exit door

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.44 : Exit door

See explanation/illustration for clause 1.4.42

“Exit door” refers to a door, including a door which opens to the external space, provided at the doorway of an exit for the passage of people, which forms part of the integrity of the exit.

1.4.45 Exit passageway

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.45 : Exit passageway

Figure 1.4.45 - 1

Horizontal extension of vertical exit

Figure 1.4.45 - 2

Exit passageway at 1st storey

“Exit passageway” refers to the horizontal extension of a vertical exit via an exit staircase or passage leading from a habitable area to an external space.

1.4.46 Exit staircase

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.46 : Exit staircase

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.46 - 1

Alternative method of protecting stairway enclosures

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.46 - 2

Where the stairway enclosure projects beyond the external wall of the building and is connected thereto, then either:

[a] the external wall or wall of any part of the building less than 3m from the stairway enclosure, or

[b] the external wall or walls of any part of the stairway enclosure within any 3m from the building should be imperforate and of not less than one hour fire resistance.

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.46 - 3

Accommodation or access staircases are provided solely for the convenience of moving easily and quickly from one floor to another are not considered as exit staircases.

Figure 1.4.46 - 4

Internal exit staircases are required to be provided with masonry enclosures and mechanical ventilation. Masonry enclosures to internal exit staircases, mechanical ventilation is to be provided. Where the building exceeds 24m in habitable height, the staircases are to be pressurised.

All exit staircases are considered as protected shafts are required to be separated from other areas by masonry walls to have the necessary fire resistance rating required by for elements of structure for the part of the building in which they are located. Thus, the enclosures to staircases serving the basement would have higher fire resistance rating than that of staircases serving upper storeys. Door opening into the exit staircase shall have min. ½-hr fire resistance rating.

“Exit staircase” refers to a staircase constructed of non-combustible material and protected from fire [by fire-rated construction or located at the external space] for the purpose of enabling egress to the external space.

“External corridor” refers to a corridor with an unobstructed and uninterrupted ventilation opening that measures at least 1.2m in vertical height, the latter which is located above its parapet wall.

1.4.48 External exit passageway

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.48 : External exit passageway

Figure 1.4.48 : External exit passageway

External exit passageway is an extension of the vertical exit. It is considered a protected area to allow occupants the safe egress. There is no control on the numbers of doors opening into an external exit passageway.

“External exit passageway” refers to an exit passageway that serves as required exit with at least one of its longest sides open to the external space or air well.

1.4.49 External exit staircase

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Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.49 : External exit staircase

Figure 1.4.49 - 1

See for requirements on separation of unprotected openings to external exit staircase and for protection of internal exit staircase.

For a staircase to be considered as external staircase, it shall be:

[a] located outside the building;

[b] open to outdoor air; and

[c] enclosed by parapet or railing on at least 2 sides.

Figure 1.4.49 - 2

Siting of exit staircases or other services inside the air well is considered acceptable, provided there is a clear unobstructed space having a diameter that is equal to the required width of the air well i.e. if the required width of the air well is 12m, then the diameter of the unobstructed space shall be min. 12m to allow for effective venting of hot gases and smoke.

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.49 - 3

External exit staircase can be used as required exit in lieu of internal exit staircase, provided there shall be no unprotected openings within 3m horizontally or within 3m vertically below any part of the external exit staircase.

Amendment History

1.4.491 Mar 20221 Mar 2022Clarification

“External exit staircase” refers to an exit staircase located outside a building, open to the external space, and that:

a. is enclosed by parapet walls or railing of not more than 1.1m in height; and

b. has at least two adjacent sides or one of its longest sides abutting the external space.

1 Mar 2022Download

“External exit staircase” refers to an exit staircase located outside a building, open to the external space, and that:

a. is enclosed by parapet walls or railing of not more than 1.1m in height; and

b. has at least two adjacent sides or one of its longest sides abutting the external space;

c. is recessed not more than 3m from the building facade.

“External space” refers to an open space abutting the perimeter of a building, which includes an air well and which is vertically open to the sky without any roof or trellis.

1.4.51 External wall [or side of a building]

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.51 : External wall

Section

Figure 1.4.51 : External wall

Where that part of roof is treated as an external wall in accordance with the above definition, it shall comply with on the permitted limit of unprotected areas and the surface flame spread requirements. See also for the meaning of “unprotected areas”.

“External wall” or “external side of a building” refers to an outer wall or vertical enclosure. This includes a part of the roof pitched at an angle of 70º or more to the horizontal, if that part of the roof adjoins a space within the building to which persons have access.

1.4.52 External wall finishes

“External wall finishes” refers to materials/components installed on the building facade for the purpose of providing thermal insulation, weather resistance and/or to improve the appearance of buildings. They can be made of timber, metal, brick/stone granite, vinyl, composite materials, etc.. It shall include cladding, fins and any decorative features mounted on the external walls of a building.

1.4.53 Fire lift lobby

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.53 : Fire lift lobby

Figure 1.4.53 : Fire lift lobby

The lobby floor shall be graded from the lift landing door towards the lobby door with a fall not exceeding 1: 200 to prevent water from flowing into the lift shaft. The lobby provides a buffer zone to prevent smoke from streaming into the protected staircase. The lobby acts as a staging area for fire fighters in carrying out firefighting operation. There is a need to limit the size to max. 10m2 to prevent the space being used for other purposes. For mechanical ventilation requirement, see

“Fire lift lobby” refers to a protected and ventilated or pressurised lobby into which a fire lift opens, and from which direct access to a protected staircase can be made for the purpose of firefighting.

1.4.54 Fire resistance

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.54 : Fire resistance

Figure 1.4.54 : Fire resistance

Fire resistance is a property, currently measured in BS 476: part 20 to 23 furnace test, of a particular element of building construction [it is not a property of a building material] and is the measure of its ability to satisfy for a stated period in minutes some or all of the following criteria:

[a] Stability - resistance to collapse or excessive deflection

[b] Integrity - resistance to passage of flames and hot gases

[c] Insulation - resistance to excessive temperature rise on exposed face

“Fire resistance” refers to the minimum period of time during which an element of structure or building element can be expected to function satisfactorily while subjected to a standard fire test.

1.4.55 Fire safety report

“Fire safety report” refers to a document that details the provision of fire protection systems, life safety features and fire safety management for a building, plant or installation.

1.4.56 Fire stop

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.56 : Fire stop

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.56 - 1 : Wall penetration details

Section

Figure 1.4.56 - 2 : Floor penetration details

To avoid weakening of the fire-rated wall/floor, openings for service penetration should be :

[a] kept as few in number as possible;

[b] as small as practicable; and

[c] all gaps shall be filled with fire-stopping materials.

Section

Figure 1.4.56 - 3 : Curtain wall detail

It is important that the gap between the edge of the structural floor slab and the curtain wall should be fire stopped to prevent migration of smoke and flame from floor to floor

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.56 - 4 : Cable trucking

“Fire stop” refers to a seal provided to close an imperfection of fit or any joint between elements, components or construction in a building, which serves to prevent/limit the passage of smoke and flame through that imperfection or joint.

1.4.57 Flammable refrigerant

Amendment History

1.4.57ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 22 [Cl.2] of Fire Code 2013----

“Flammable refrigerant” refers to the group of refrigerants with flammability classification of group 2 or 3 in accordance to ISO 5149. For refrigerant blends which have more than one flammability classification, the most unfavourable classification shall be taken for the purpose of this definition. Most of these flammable refrigerants are hydrocarbon [HC] based. Some examples of HC refrigerant include propane, butane and isobutane.

1.4.58 Flexible joints and flexible connections

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.58 : Flexible joints & flexible connections

Axonometric view

Figure 1.4.58- 1 : Flexible joint

Flexible joints shall not exceed 250mm in length and be made of materials classified as “not-easily-ignitable” when tested under BS 476 Pt. 5

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.58 - 2 : Flexible connection

Flexible connection material shall have a surface flame spread rating of not lower than Class ‘1’. However, in areas of building where Class ‘0’ flame spread rating is required for the ceiling construction under the Fire Code, a Class ‘0’ rating for the covering and lining materials shall be required. Flexible connection shall not exceed 4m in length. It shall not pass through fire resisting walls, floors or partitions and when involved in fire generates a minimum amount of smoke and toxic gases.

For air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems:

a. “flexible joints” refer to connections between ducts and equipment normally provided to isolate vibration and to allow thermal movement; and

b. “flexible connections” refer to flexible sections of ducts provided to connect the extremity of ventilation ductwork to terminal units, extract units and grilles.

1.4.59 Fire engine access road

“Fire engine access road” refers to a road designed for firefighting appliances gain access to, and travel within a development for firefighting operations.

1.4.60 Fire engine accessway

“Fire engine accessway” refers to a metalled or paved road located along the perimeter of a building to allow a firefighting appliance to carry out firefighting operations. Compared to a fire engine access road, a fire engine accessway is designed to withstand a higher tonnage, and with a larger width, for the purpose of deploying firefighting appliances during an operation.

1.4.61 Fully Automated Mechanised Car Park [FAMCP]

Amendment History

1.4.61ImmediateRelocated from Cl.1.1.7 and Appendix 5 of Fire Code 2013----

“Fully automated mechanised car park” refers to a building or part of a building that is intended for the storage/parking of passenger vehicles employing fully automated mechanical facilities to move the vehicle from the point of entry to the parking deck and vice-visa. The parking area would be accessible by trained staff when carrying out maintenance works only. The automatic parking system is to be deactivated during the maintenance operations.

1.4.62 General warehouse

Amendment History

1.4.62ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 4 [Cl.2.1] of Fire Code 2013----

“General warehouse” refers to a building or space used for storing various types of goods or materials. It includes warehouses for storing chemicals, fresh/perishable food products [coldroom], etc.. Store having floor area more than 100m2 shall be classified as warehouse.

1.4.63 Habitable floor

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.63 : Habitable floor

Figure 1.4.63 - 1

In the calculation of habitable height, rooms housing lift motors, fire pumps, water supply pumps, cooling towers and water tanks located on roof level irrespective of the room sizes are not considered as habitable floor.

Figure 1.4.63 - 2

In all other situation where the floor level has a functional usage in a room or open to sky, it will be a habitable floor.

Amendment History

1.4.632 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Clarification

“Habitable floor” refers to all floors in a building, including the roof level. The roof level can be taken as non-habitable if it is not used for any purpose/activity other than housing M&E and/or telecommunication plants/equipment, e.g. lift motors, fire pumps, generators, fire hose reel pumps, water supply pumps, water tanks, cooling towers, solar photovoltaic panels, supply/ exhaust fans with associated ductwork, air-con condensing units, telecommunication antenna, satellite dishes and public warning sirens, etc..

2 Mar 2020Download1.4.63 [ dated 1 Mar 2022]1 Mar 20221 Mar 2022Clarification

Habitable floor” refers to all floors in a building, including the roof level. The roof level can be taken as non-habitable if it is not used for any purpose/activity other than housing M&E plants/equipment, e.g. lift motors, fire pumps, generators, fire hose reel pumps, water supply pumps, water tanks, cooling towers, solar photovoltaic panels, supply/ exhaust fans with associated ductwork, air-con condensing units, telecommunication equipment, satellite dishes and public warning sirens, etc..

1 Mar 2022Download

“Habitable floor” refers to all floors in a building, including the roof level. The roof level can be taken as non-habitable if it is not used for any purpose/activity other than housing M&E plants/equipment, e.g. lift motors, fire pumps, generators, fire hose reel pumps, water supply pumps, water tanks, cooling towers, solar photovoltaic panels, supply/exhaust fans with associated ductwork, air-con condensing units, telecommunication equipment, satellite dishes, public warning sirens, green roofs inaccessible to public and for maintenance access only, etc.

1.4.64 Habitable height

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.64 : Habitable height

Section

Figure 1.4.64 : Habitable height

Habitable height of a building is measured from the lowest level of fire engine accessway/fire engine access road serving the building to the finished floor level of the highest habitable floor. Where attic is permitted under  and located on the highest floor, the habitable height shall be extended to the finished floor level of the attic. Habitable height is used to determine the provision of fire protection system and other related requirements to a building. If the habitable height of a building exceeds 24m, the following shall be provided:

[a] Rising mains

[b] Sprinkler system*

[c] Fire lift/Fire command centre*

[d] Voice communication system*

[e] Alarm system

[f] Pressurisation of internal exit staircases

Note :

*not required for PG II building, unless requested by the SCDF

Amendment History

1.4.6415 Sep 202015 Sep 2020Clarification

“Habitable height” refers to the height measured from the lowest level of fire engine accessway or fire engine access road [applicable to buildings under Purpose Group II] to the finished floor level of the highest habitable floor.

15 Sep 2020Download

“Habitable height” refers to the height measured from the level of fire engine accessways or fire engine access roads, whichever is the lowest,  to the finished floor level of the highest habitable floor.

1.4.65 Height of building

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.65 : Height of building

Section

Figure 1.4.65 - 1

Average ground level to half the vertical height of the pitch roof

Section

Figure 1.4.65 - 2

Average ground level to flat roof and the top of walls of parapet

Section

Figure 1.4.65 - 3

Average ground level to half the vertical height of the pitch roof of a part of a building

“Height of building” refers to the vertical distance measured from the average level of the ground adjoining the outside of the external walls of the building to the level of half the vertical height of the roof of the building or part, or the top of the walls or of the parapet [if any], whichever is higher.

1.4.66 High containment facility

Amendment History

1.4.66ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 12 [Cl.4] of Fire Code 2013----

“High containment facility” refers to containment laboratory, including the interstitial space, waste treatment area, anteroom, etc.] of Bio-safety Level 3 [BSL-3] and maximum containment laboratory of Bio-safety Level 4 [BSL-4] as defined in the WHO Laboratory Bio-Safety Manual. They are designed to comply with the requirements of WHO and authorities having jurisdiction for storing or handling of biological agents.

1.4.67 High hazard occupancy

“High hazard occupancy” refers to any occupancy in which the contents or activities include one or more of the following:

a. materials with auto-ignition temperature lower than 200ºC,

b. materials that produce poisonous, noxious fumes, or flammable vapour,

c. materials that cause explosions,

d. high hazard occupancies stipulated under SS CP 52, or

e. highly combustible substances and/or flammable liquids.

1.4.68 Hospital

Amendment History

1.4.682 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Clarification

“Hospital” is a building used for medical and surgical care and shall include healthcare facilities with 24-hr or inpatient services, such as general hospitals, hospitals for psychiatric care, children's hospitals, etc..

2 Mar 2020Download

“Hospital” is a building used for medical and surgical care and shall include healthcare facilities with 24-hr or inpatient services, such buildings include the following:

a. General hospitals;

b. Psychiatric hospitals [Institute of mental health]

c. Children/Woman hospitals; and

d. Community hospitals.

“Load-bearing wall” refers to a wall which supports any load in addition to its own weight.

“Masonry” refers to brick or concrete construction.

1.4.71 Non-combustible material

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.71 : Non-combustible material

[ No illustration ]

Material can also be considered as non-combustible or limited combustibility achieving Class “A1” or “A2” in accordance with EN 13501 classification.

“Non-combustible material” refers to any material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapour in sufficient quantity to ignite when subjected to the test for combustibility prescribed in BS 476 Part 4, and includes materials of limited combustibility, such as:

a. any material of density 300 kg/m3 or more, which when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part 11, does not flame, and the rise in temperature on the furnace thermocouple is not more than 20°C;

b. any material with a non-combustible core at least 8mm thick having combustible facings [on one or both sides] not more than 0.5mm thick; and

c. any material of density less than 300 kg/m3, which when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part 11,

[1] does not flame for more than 10 sec;

[2] the rise in temperature on the centre [specimen] thermocouple is not more than 35°C; and

[3] the rise in temperature on the furnace thermocouple is not more than 25°C.

1.4.72 Non-load-bearing wall

“Non-load-bearing wall” refers to a wall which supports no load other than its own weight.

1.4.73 Notional boundary

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.73 : Notional boundary

Section

Figure 1.4.73 - 1 : Notional boundary between 2 tower blocks, either sitting on podium deck or ground level

Section

Figure 1.4.73 - 2 : Notional boundary between a warehouse and factory sited within a development plot of land bounded by common boundaries

The extent of unprotected openings e.g. windows in the external wall of a building is controlled by the space separation between the building and the boundary. The greater the building setback, the higher the extent of unprotected openings that would be allowed in the external wall. This is to address the concern of spread of fire from one building to another. The use of the boundary instead of another building makes it possible to work out the extent of unprotected openings even where another building does not exist.

In some situations, the distance to other building on the same site needs to be considered to prevent spread of fire. This is done by assuming a boundary called notional boundary. A notional boundary should be so situated that all buildings comply with the safe distance requirements as annotated in X and Y in the above diagrams. The boundary, which a wall faces [at an angle of 80º C or less] whether it is the boundary of the site or a notional boundary is called the relevant boundary.

In the diagram, if the total setback distance for warehouse and factory is more than or equal to X + Y, then the setback distance is considered complied with provided that both buildings are within the same lot.

“Notional boundary” refers to an imaginary boundary which exists at equal distance between buildings on the same site, or the centre of the width of a public road/ drain/ sewer reserve, provided that the boundary is fronting the respective reserves.

1.4.74 Nursing care facility

Amendment History

1.4.7410 May 2019ImmediateClarificationsNursing home, convalescent home, home for the aged & hospice

These refer to a building, or part thereof, used for the housing and nursing care of persons on a 24hr basis who, because of mental or physical incapacity, may be unable to care for their own needs and safety without assistance of other persons.

10 May 2019Download1.4.74 [dated 2 Mar 2020]2 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Clarification

Nursing home, convalescent home, home for the aged & hospice

These refer to a building, or part thereof, used for the housing and nursing care of persons on a 24hr basis who, because of physical incapacity, may be unable to care for their own needs and safety without assistance of other persons.

2 Mar 2020Download

"Nursing care facility" refers to a building, or part thereof, used for the housing and nursing care of persons on a 24-hr basis who, because of physical incapacity, may be unable to care for their own needs and safety without assistance of other persons. These facilities provide inpatient medical care and include the followings:

a. Nursing homes;

b. Convalescent homes; and

c. Hospice.

1.4.75 Occupant load

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.75 : Occupant load

[ No illustration ]

[a] gives a range of occupant load factors. To calculate the occupant load of a floor space for example an office, apply the formula:

Occupant load
= Floor area office [1000m2] / Occupant load factor for office [10m2]
= 1000m2 / 10m2/person
= 100 persons

[b]

[i] The occupant load for theatre or cinema where there is fixed seating, the posted occupant load based on number of seats can be taken.

[ii] The back stage areas shall be separately calculated based on floor area.

[iii] Where there are spaces provided for flexible seating, the occupant load for these spaces shall be separately calculated based on floor area.

“Occupant load” of a building, or part thereof, refers to the total number of persons that can occupy such a building, or part thereof, at any one time. The “occupant load” shall be determined via

a. the floor area[s] available for occupation based on the appropriate areas per person as stated in , or

b. by the number of fixed seating, if applicable, for assembly occupancies.

1.4.76 Outdoor Display Area [ODA]

Amendment History

1.4.7630 Apr 2016Extracted from SCDF's circular30 Oct 2015-

“Outdoor display area” refers to an area along the common walkways in front of their shops where the shop owner/operator display his merchandises. The area can be open- to-sky, covered or roofed-over with extended awning/canopy.

1.4.77 Outdoor Refreshment Area [ORA]

Amendment History

1.4.7730 Jan 2015Extracted from SCDF's circular31 Jul 2014-

“Outdoor refreshment area” refers to an area along the common walkways in front of their eating houses, restaurants, coffee shops, hawker centres, fast food outlets, cafeterias, canteens, pubs, bars and the like by their respective food & beverage outlet’s owner/operator. The area can be open-to-sky, covered or roofed-over with umbrella or extended awning/canopy.

“One-way travel” refers to a situation where occupants within a space can only travel in a single route/direction, from the most remote point, to an exit or a splitting point to reach multiple exits.

1.4.79 Permitted limit of unprotected area

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.79 : Permitted limit of unprotected area

Section

Figure 1.4.79 : Permitted limit of unprotected area

The main concern of unprotected openings in external walls is to ensure that spread of fire through heat radiation from one building to another would be minimised. However, does permit relaxation for buildings, which are sprinkler-protected or solely used as car parks.

“Permitted limit of unprotected area” refers to the maximum aggregate area of unprotected areas in any side or external wall of a building or compartment.

1.4.80 Plastic

Amendment History

1.4.8001 Oct 2014Extracted from SCDF's circular [FSR 10:2014]01 Oct 2014-

“Plastic” refers to any group of organic materials which, though stable in use at ambient temperatures, are plastic at some stage in their manufacture and then can be shaped by the application of heat and/or pressure. Plastics can be categorised as either thermoplastics or thermosetting plastics.

1.4.81 Private lift

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.81 : Private lift

Figure 1.4.81 : Private lift

Emergency power supply from a generating plant shall be provided to home the privates lifts to the designated/alternate designated floor during a power failure or fire emergency in the building. See for more information.

“Private lift” refers to a passenger lift which is meant for the exclusive use of occupants in the building, and is located to open its door directly into private enclosed spaces. Vehicle lifts, home lifts and stair lifts are not considered private lifts.

1.4.82 Protected shaft

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.82 : Protected shaft

Axonometric Section

Figure 1.4.82 : Protected shaft

“Protected shaft” refers to an exit staircase, exit passageway, lift, chute, duct or other shaft which enables persons, things or air to pass from one compartment to another.

1.4.83 Protecting structure

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.83 : Protected structure

Section

Figure 1.4.83 : Protecting structure

There is a need to differentiate protecting structure to shaft from other elements of structures such as compartment walls, separating walls and external walls. This is for the purpose of working out differently the necessary period of fire resistance rating to the protecting structures. For example, permits door to protected shaft to have ½ the period of fire resistance rating of the enclosing protecting structures to an exit staircase.

“Protecting structure” refers to a wall, floor or other part of the building which encloses a protected shaft. The following are not considered protecting structure:

a. a wall which also forms part of an external wall, separating wall or compartment wall, or

b. a floor which is also a compartment floor or a floor laid directly on the ground, or

1.4.84 [Public building definition deleted]

Amendment History

1.4.842 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Deletetion

“Public building” refers to a building, or part thereof, that is used, constructed or adapted to be used as a shop, office, hospital or place of public resort. Places of public worship such as churches, chapels, mosques, temples and places where religious ceremonies are performed are not considered public buildings.

2 Mar 2020Download

1.4.85 Purpose Group [PG]

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.85 : Purpose Group

[a] For the purpose of complying with fire safety requirements under this Code, every building or compartment shall be treated according to its use or intended use as prescribed under .

[b] Flatted factory building

Section

Figure 1.4.85

Each floor is a compartment with 6th storey being further divided into 2 compartments, having 40% office and 60% factory use. The main purpose of use of 6th storey is factory, thus 6th storey is to be treated as factory use. Similarly, a building may have shops, offices and restaurants, but it is classified as shopping centre as the main purpose of use of the building is shopping.

[c] Townhouses

Under the Fire Safety [Exemption] order, proposal for detached, semi- detached, terraced and linked houses which do not exceed 3 storeys or levels, including basement or attic are not required to be submitted to the SCDF for approval. The Qualified Person in charge of the project shall self-regulate to ensure that all relevant fire safety requirements are complied with on site. However, townhouses, which are treated as under PG I for the purpose of complying with fire safety requirements that are applicable to detached, semi-detached terraced and linked houses, are not covered by the Fire Safety [Exemption] Order, hence, submission of plans to the SCDF is required.

[d] Serviced apartments/maisonettes

Serviced apartments/maisonettes would be treated as hotels or boarding houses under PG VII at the outset. However, the SCDF may consider to reclassify it under PG II if the floor layout of the units and escape corridors is similar to that of a typical apartments/maisonettes building.

“Purpose Group” refers to the categorisation of buildings in this Code, with the aim of specifying relevant fire safety criteria for that building type. Where a building is divided into compartments used for different purposes, the purpose group of each compartment shall be determined individually, provided that where the whole or part of a building or compartment is used for more than one purpose, only the main purpose of that building or compartment shall be taken into account in determining into which purpose group it falls. [See

“Refuge floor” refers to a floor adequately separated from the rest of the building by fire-resisting construction. It serves as an area where evacuees can temporarily take refuge for buildings with long vertical evacuation routes to the building’s external space.

1.4.87 Relevant boundary

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.87 : Relevant boundary

Section

Figure 1.4.87 : Relevant boundary

The boundary which a side or external wall of a building faces whether it is the boundary of the site or a notional boundary is called the relevant boundary.

“Relevant boundary” refers to the lot boundary in relation to a building’s external wall or compartment. For the purpose of unprotected openings setback calculation, it may also be the notional boundary.

1.4.88 Remoteness of exits

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.88 : Remoteness of exits

Incorrect

Figure 1.4.88 - 1

Incorrect : Access to the protected staircases will be blocked by a fire occurring in the vicinity of the staircase.

Correct

Figure 1.4.88 - 2

Correct : Access to an alternate staircase is available if a fire occurred in the vicinity of the exit door to one of the staircases.

“Remoteness of exits” refers to exits which are remotely located from each other, arranged and constructed to minimise the possibility that more than one would be rendered unusable during a fire, or other emergency conditions.

1.4.89 Roof light

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.89 : Roof light

Top Figure : Section

Middle Figure : Axonometric Section

Bottom Figure : Axonometric view

Figure 1.4.89 : Roof light

Rooflights are part of roof coverings, which permit light to enter a building to provide natural lighting. Rooflights could be designed to be openable by automatic devices to provide the necessary openings for smoke venting. The inner surface of dome light and skylight is considered as ceiling for the purpose of meeting the class of surface flame spread under .

“Roof light” refers to any elements in a roof intended to admit daylight.

1.4.90 Room

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.90 : Room

Figure 1.4.90 - 1 : Enclosed space

An enclosed space not considered as a room. This includes exit staircase [protected shaft], enclosed circulation space such as A/C, MV shafts, pipe/cable shafts and accessible electrical ducts not exceeding 750mm in depth.

Figure 1.4.90 - 2 : Electrical riser

An electrical riser having a depth of >750mm is considered a room.

“Room” refers to an enclosed space bounded by walls that is not an enclosed circulation space or protected shaft at most 750mm in depth.

1.4.91 Singapore Civil Defence Force [SCDF]

“Singapore Civil Defence Force” refers to the Commissioner of Singapore Civil Defence Force and includes officers authorised by him generally or specifically to exercise the powers, functions and duties conferred by the Fire Safety Act.

1.4.92 Separated part [of a building]

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.92 : Separated part [of a building]

Section

Figure 1.4.92 : Separated part of a building

“Separated part” refers to a form of compartmentation from another part of the same building by a compartment wall which runs full height of the part and is in one continuous plane.

1.4.93 Separating wall

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.93 : Separating wall

Axonometric view

Figure 1.4.93 : Separating wall

“Separating wall” refers to a wall used to divide or portion adjoining buildings under different ownership.

“Setback distance” refers to the distance between a building and its relevant boundary, which is meant for the purpose of preventing fire spread between buildings/ properties.

1.4.95 Single point emergency lighting

“Single point emergency lighting” refers to an emergency lighting system employing self-contained emergency luminaires

1.4.96 Smoke-check door

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.96 : Smoke-check door

Figure 1.4.96 : Smoke-check door

The provision of smoke-check door is applicable to hotel occupancy. It is provided to subdivide the internal corridor to the hotel guest rooms floor into the following lengths:

[a] Building protected by sprinkler system --- 45m

[b] Building not protected by sprinkler system --- 30m

Internal corridors which are not naturally ventilated shall be subdivided by smoke barrier and smoke-check door to prevent the whole corridor being filled with smoke very quickly should there be any migration of smoke from any guestroom. Smoke-check door is not required to have fire resistance rating.

“Smoke-check door” refers to a door or set of doors placed in an internal corridor to restrict the spread of smoke by reducing draft.

1.4.97 Smoke-free lobby

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.97 : Smoke-stop lobby

Axonometric view

Figure 1.4.97 : Smoke-stop lobby

If smoke which finds its way into the smoke-stop lobby, the natural ventilation provided by the window will help to prevent the smoke from infiltrating into the protected staircase. In the case of mechanical ventilated smoke-stop lobby, smoke will be prevented from entering the lobby by the exertion of air pumped into it by the air shaft.

“Smoke-free lobby” refers to a lobby located at the entrance of an exit staircase. It is designed to help to prevent or minimise the entry of smoke into the staircase.

“Storey” refers to any floor or part thereof, including platforms, mezzanines, attic levels and M&E floors.

1.4.99 Super high-rise residential building

Amendment History

1.4.99ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 8 [Cl.A3] of Fire Code 2013----

“Super high-rise residential building” refers to a residential building with more than 40 storeys/levels.

1.4.100 Supervisory care facility

Amendment History

1.4.1002 Mar 20202 Mar 2020Clarification

Supervisory care facility

“Supervisory care facility” is a building or part thereof, used for the housing, on a 24-hr basis, of mental health patients who may be capable of self-preservation but require supervision and are receiving therapy, training or other health-related care and for whom there may be security measures not under their control.

2 Mar 2020Download

“Supervisory care facility” refers to a building or part thereof, used for the housing, on a 24-hr basis, of mental health patients, natal cares, aged and individuals under welfare cares, who may be capable of self-preservation but require supervision and are receiving therapy, training or other health-related care and for whom there may be security measures not under their control. Such facilities shall include the followings:

a. Homes for intellectually disabled;

b. Psychiatric rehabilitation homes;

c. Dementia homes;

d. Pre/post natal care centres; and

e. Welfare homes.

1.4.101 Tenancy unit

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.101 : Tenancy unit

Figure 1.4.101 : Tenancy unit

“Tenancy unit” refers to an individual unit or subdivided unit within a building or a compartment, and which is managed by a different operator registered with the authority having jurisdiction.

1.4.102 Thermoplastics

Amendment History

1.4.102 and 1.4.10301 Oct 2014Extracted from SCDF's circular [FSR 10:2014]01 Oct 2014-

“Thermoplastic” refers to a class of plastic materials that is capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling. A material can be considered as thermoplastic if it is a synthetic polymeric material which has a softening point below 200°C when tested to BS EN ISO 306:2004 method A120 Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening temperature.

1.4.103 Thermosetting plastic

“Thermosetting plastic” refers to a class of plastic materials that will undergo a chemical reaction by the application of heat, pressure, catalysts, etc., leading to a relatively infusible, non-reversible state.

1.4.104 Toxin

Amendment History

1.4.104ImmediateRelocated from Appendix 12 [Cl.3] of Fire Code 2013----

“Toxin” refers to the toxins stipulated in the Fifth Schedule of the Biological Agents and Toxins Act.

1.4.105 Travel distance

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.105 : Travel distance

Figure 1.4.105 - 1

Measurement starts at 400mm from enclosure of wall.

Figure 1.4.105 - 2

Travel distance from the most remote point to open exterior space. Travel distance shall be measured to the door of the exit staircase i.e. from point A to B.

Figure 1.4.105 - 3

Travel distance from the most remote point to an external exit passageway [i.e. from point A to B].

“Travel distance” refers to the distance required to be traversed from the most remote point in any room or space to the edge of a door opening, directly to:

b. an exit passageway, or

c. an open external space,

unless otherwise permitted under this Code as in the case of residential apartments, maisonettes and exits to areas of refuge.

“Two-way travel” refers to a situation where occupants within a space have the choice of more than one route/direction from a splitting point to reach multiple exits.

1.4.107 Unmanned building

Amendment History

1.4.10701 Mar 2019New----

An “unmanned building” refers to a building which is not manned by operation or security personnel after office or operating hours.

1.4.108 Unprotected area

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.108 : Unprotected area

Elevation

Figure 1.4.108 : Unprotected area

“Unprotected area”, in relation to a side or external wall of a building, refers to:

a. a window, door or other opening;

b. any part of the external wall which has less than the relevant fire resistance; and

c. any part of the external wall which has combustible material more than 1mm thick attached or applied to its external face, whether for finishes or any other purpose.

1.4.109 Vertical exit

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.109 : Vertical exit

Section

Figure 1.4.109 : Vertical exit

The protecting structure, excluding external wall of exit staircase or exit ramp shall be constructed of masonry.

“Vertical exit” refers to an exit staircase or exit ramp which serves as a required exit from one or more storeys above or below ground level.

1.4.110 Wall surface

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.110 : Wall surface

Top Figure : Includes

Bottom Figure : Excludes

Figure 1.4.110 : Wall surface

“Wall surface”, in the context of internal surfaces, refers to the surface of glazing, and any part of the ceiling sloping at an angle of 70º or more to the horizontal. It does not include:

a. door frames and unglazed parts of doors, or

b. window frames and frames in which glazing is fitted, or

c. architraves, cover moulds, picture rails, skirtings and similar narrow members, or

1.4.111 Workers’ dormitories

E

Explanations & Illustrations

Clause 1.4.111 : Workers' dormitories

Figure 1.4.111

Owing to different uses and risks, cooking is not allowed in the dormitory, which is meant for resting and sleeping. All cooking activities shall be carried out in the kitchen. This will eliminate the risk of fire occurring in any dormitory arising from cooking activities.

“Workers’ dormitories” refers to buildings or spaces in buildings where group sleeping accommodation is provided for workers under joint occupancy and single management, without cooking equipment in any room or unit of a dormitory.

1.4.112 Mechanical ventilation

Amendment History

1.4.1122 Mar 20202 Mar 2020ClarificationNil2 Mar 2020Download

“Mechanical ventilation” refers to any system   that uses mechanical means such as ventilation fan, to introduce outdoor air   to a space when natural ventilation mode cannot be achieved during normal and   fire emergency situations. This includes supply ventilation, exhaust ventilation,   pressurisation, smoke purging, mechanical engineered smoke control systems,   balanced systems that consist of both supply and exhaust ventilations, etc..

1.4.113 Pressurisation

Amendment History

1.4.1132 Mar 20202 Mar 2020ClarificationNil2 Mar 2020Download

“Pressurisation” refers to a mechanical ventilation system that introduce positive differential pressure to a space/room to prevent smoke ingress during a fire emergency.

1.4.114 Capsule hotel

Amendment History

1.4.1141 June 20211 June 2021Revised/ ClarificationNil1 Dec 2020Download

“Capsule hotel” refers to a type of hotel where the bed spaces are enclosed individually. Each bed space is considered as a capsule and not as a loose furniture or fitting. The capsule has the following characteristics:

a. access opening to the bed space can be fitted with doors, curtains or other materials or left open; and

b. the bed space is provided with its individual electricity supply for amenities such as lighting, power points, TV and other amenities.

1.4.115 Ventilation openings 

“Ventilation openings” refer to fixed natural ventilation openings located in external walls for any space, which shall be unobstructed at all times, and exclude windows or louvres that are openable or operable.  The fixed louvres shall consist of a single bank of louvres with blade width not exceeding 150mm, with effective ventilation openings calculated based on the free area calculation stated below:

TABLE 1.2A : CODES & STANDARDSNameDescriptionRemarksSINGAPORE STANDARDSSS CP 5CoP for Wiring of Electrical Equipment of BuildingsSS CP 10CoP for the Installation and Servicing of Electrical Fire Alarm SystemReplaced by SS 645

SS CP 52

CoP for Automatic Fire Sprinkler System

SS 99

Specifications for Welded Low Carbon Steel Cylinders for Storage and Transportation of Low-Pressure Liquefiable Gases

SS 232 Pt 1 to 6

Portable Fire ExtinguishersReplaced by SS EN 3 - 7 to 10

SS 233

Specifications for Flexible Rubber Tubing, Rubber Hose and Rubber Hose Assemblies for Use in LPG Vapour Phase Installations

SS 254

Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas AtmospheresReplaced by IEC 60079

SS 263 Pt 2

Luminaires -

Particular Requirements for Luminaires for Emergency Lighting

Replaced by SS IEC 60598-2-22

SS 281

Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG

SS 286

Caution Labelling for Hazardous SubstancesReplaced by SS 586

SS 294

Specifications for Valves for Use with Domestic and Industrial LPG Cylinders

SS 299

Fire Resistant Cables

SS 332

Specification for Fire Door

SS 333

Specification for Fire Dampers

SS 489

Specification for Fire Shutters

SS 508

Graphical Symbols - Safety Colours & Safety SignsFormerly SS 217 & SSPt 1

Design Principles for Safety Signs & Safety Markings

Pt 2

Design Principles for Product Safety Labels

SS 512CoP for the design, construction and operation of pipeline service corridors

SS 532

CoP for the Storage of Flammable Liquids

Formerly CP 40

SS 535

CoP for Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Performance astructional Requirements of Mains Failure Standby Generating SystemsFormerly CP 31

SS 546

CoP for Emergency Voice Communication Systems in BuildingsFormerly CP 25

SS 550

CoP for Installation, Operation and Maintenance of El Passenger and Goods LiftsFormerly CP 2

SS 551

CoP for Earthing

Formerly CP 16

SS 563

CoP for the Design, Installation & Maintenance of Em Lighting and Power Supply Systems in BuildingFormerly CP 19

Pt. 1

Emergency lighting

Pt. 2

Installation Requirements and Maintenance Procedures

SS 572

CoP for the Use of Timber in Buildings

Formerly CP 1

SS 575

CoP for Fire Hydrant, Rising Mains and Hose Reel Sypan>

Formerly CP 29

SS 578

CoP for the Use and Maintenance of Portable Fire Exhers

Formerly CP 55

SS 586

Specification for Hazard Communication for Hazardous Chemicals and Dangerous GoodsReplaces SS 286

SS 608

CoP for Gas InstallationFormerly CP 51SS 634CoP for Fire Safety for Open Plant Processing Facilities in Oil, Chemical and Process IndustriesSS 641CoP for Fire Safety for Laboratories Using ChemicalsSS 645CoP for the Installation and Servicing of Electrical Fire Alarm SystemsFormerly SS CP 10TR 77Electrical Energy Storage [EES] SystemsPt 1Planning and Performance Assessment of Electrical Energy Storage Systems – General SpecificationPt 2Safety Considerations for Grid-integrated EES Systems – General Specification

SS EN 3-7

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

Part 7 : Characteristics, performance requirements and test methods

Replaces SS 232 Pt. 1 to 6

SS EN 3-8

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

Part 8 : Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for the construction, resistance to pressure and mechanical tests for extinguishers with a maximum allowable pressure equal to or lower than 30 bar

Replaces SS 232 Pt. 1 to 6

SS EN 3-9

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

Part 9 : Additional requirements to SS EN 3-7 for pressure resistance if CO extinguishers

SS EN 3-10

Portable Fire Extinguishers -

Part 10 : Provisions for evaluating the conformity of a portable fire extinguisher to SS EN 3-7

AMERICAN STANDARDS

ASTM D635

Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent &Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position

ASTM E108

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsASTM E119Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction & MaterialsASTM E 662 Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid MaterialsASTM E814Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop SystemsASTM E2307Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate – Scale, Multi-story Test ApparatusNFPA 16Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems

Formerly NFPA 16A

NFPA 30

Flammable & Combustible Liquids Code

NFPA 33Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible MaterialsNFPA 45Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using ChemicalsNFPA 54National Fuel Gas CodeNFPA 55Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids CodeNFPA 58Liquefied Petroleum Gas CodeNFPA 251Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Resistance of Building Construction & MaterialsNFPA 253Standard Method of Test for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor Covering Systems Using a Radiant heat Energy SourceNFPA 258Recommended Practice for Determining Smoke Generation of Solid MaterialNFPA 262Standard Methods of Tests for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling SpacesNFPA 285Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible ComponentsNFPA 400Hazardous Materials CodeNFPA 430Code for the Storage of Liquids & Solid Oxidizers

Replaced by NFPA 400

NFPA 432Code for the Storage of Organic Peroxide FormulationsNFPA 495Explosive Materials CodeNFPA 502Standard for Road Tunnels, Bridges and other Limited Access HighwaysNFPA 750Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems

UL 132

Standard for Safety Relief Valves for Anhydrous Ammonia and LP-Gas

UL 144

Standard for LP-Gas RegulatorsUL 217Standard for Smoke AlarmsUL 300Standard for Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Commercial Cooking EquipmentUL 448Standard for Safety Centrifugal Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection ServiceUL 555Fire DampersUL 924Standard for Emergency Lighting and Power EquipmentAUSTRALIAN STANDARDSAS 1530

Methods for Fire Tests on Building Materials, Components & Structures

Pt 4

Fire-resistance Test of Elements of Construction

AS 2208

Safety Glazing Materials in Buildings

AS/NZS 2293Emergency Lighting and Exit Signs for BuildingsPt 1System Design, Installation and OperationAS 2714

The Storage & Handling of Organic Peroxides

AS 2941

Fixed Fire Protection Installations - Pumpset Systems

AS 3786Smoke Alarms Using Scattered Light, Transmitted Light or IonizationAS 4391

Smoke Management Systems - Hot Smoke Test

AS 4326

The Storage & Handling of Oxidizng Agents

AS 4587

Water Mist Fire Protection Systems - System Design, Installation and Commissioning

BRITISH STANDARDSBR 186

Design Principles for Smoke Ventilation in Enclosed Shopping Centres

Published by Fire Research Station, Building Research Establishment, Borehamwood, Herts WD62BLBR 258

Design Approaches for Smoke Control in Atrium Buildings

BR 368

Design Methodologies for Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilation

Published by Con- struction Research Communications Ltd by permission of Building Re- search Establish- ment LtdBS 476

Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures

Pt 3Classification and Method of Test for External Fire Exposure to Roofs Pt 4

Non-Combustibility Test for Materials

Pt 5

Method of Test for Ignitability

Pt 6

Method of Test for Fire Propagation for Products

Pt 7

Method of Test to Determine the Classification of the Surface Spread of Flame of Products

Pt 11

Method for Assessing the Heat Emission from Building Materials

Pt 20

Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Elements of Construction [General Principles]

Pt 21

Methods for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Load- Bearing Elements of Construction

Pt 22

Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Non-Load- Bearing Elements of Construction

Pt 23

Methods for Determination of the Contribution of Components to the Fire Resistance of a Structure

Pt 24

Method for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Ventilation Ducts

BS 1230 Pt 1

Specification for Plasterboard Excluding Materials Submitted to Secondary Operations

Replaced by BS EN 520BS 2594

Specification for Carbon Steel Welded Horizontal Cylindrical Storage Tanks

WithdrawnBS 3016

Specifications for Pressure Regulators for LPG

WithdrawnBS 4514

Specification for Unplasticized PVC Soil and Ventilating Pipes of 82.4mm Minimum Mean Outside Diameter, and Fittings and Accessories of 82.4mm and of Other Sizes

BS 5041

Fire Hydrant Systems Equipment

Pt 1

Specification for Landing Valves for Wet Risers

Pt 3

Specification for Inlet Breechings for Dry Riser Inlets

BS 5234

Partitions [including matching linings]

Pt 2

Specification for Performance Requirements for Strength and Robustness including Methods of Test

BS 5345

Selection, Installation and Maintenance of Electrical Apparatus for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere [Other than Mining Applications or Explosive Processing and Manufacturing]

Replaced by BS EN 60079-14Pt 1

General Recommendations

Pt 3

Installation and Maintenance Requirements for Electrical Apparatus with Type of Protection ‘d’. Flameproof Enclosure

BS 5499

Fire Safety Signs, Notices and Graphic Symbols

Pt 2

Specification for Self-Luminous Fire Safety Signs

WithdrawnBS 5588

Fire Precautions in the Design, Construction and Use of Buildings

Pt 5

CoP for Firefighting Stairways and Lifts

WithdrawnBS 5852

Methods of Test for Assessment of the Ignitability of Upholstered Seating by Smouldering and Flaming Ignition Source

BS 6206

Specification for Impact Performance Requirements for Flat Safety Glass and Safety Plastics for Use in Buildings

Replaced by EN 12600BS 6387Test Method for Resistance to Fire of Cables Required to Maintain Circuit Integrity under Fire ConditionsBS 6391

Specification for Non-Percolating Layflat Delivery Hoses and Hose Assemblies for Fire Fighting Purposes

BS 7346

Components for Smoke and Heat Control Systems

Pt 2

Specification for Powered Smoke and Heat Exhaust Ventilators

WithdrawnPt 3

Specification for Smoke Curtains

WithdrawnBS 7346

Components for Smoke and Heat Control Systems

Pt 7

CoP on Functional Recommendations and Calculation Methods for Smoke and Heat Control Systems for Covered Car Parks

BS 7846Electric Cables. Thermosetting Insulated, Armoured, Fire-resistant Cables of Rated Voltage 600/1000V for Fixed Installations, Having Low Emission of Smoke and Corrosive Gases when Affected by Fire. SpecificationBS 8202

Coatings for Fire Protection of Building Elements

Pt 2

CoP for the Use of Intumescent Coating Systems to Metallic Substrates for Providing Fire Resistance

EN 54

Fire Detection and Alarm Systems

Pt 2

Control and Indicating Equipment

Pt 4

Power Supply Equipment

BS EN 520

Gypsum Plasterboards. Definitions, Requirements and Test Methods

Replaces BS 1230 Pt 1BS EN 12101-1

Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for Smoke Barriers

Replaces BS 7346 Pt 3

BS EN 12101-3

Smoke & Heat Control Systems – Specification for Powered Smoke & Heat Control Ventilators [Fans]

Replaces BS 7346 Pt 2

BS EN 13501-1

Fire Test to Building Materials - Classification

BS EN 50054

Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases. - General Requirements and Test Methods

BS EN 50057

Electrical Apparatus for the Detection and Measurement of Combustible Gases. - Performance Requirements for Group II Apparatus Indicating up to 100% Lower Explosive Limit

BS EN 50272-2

Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. Stationary Batteries

Withdrawn

BS EN 50272-3

Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. - Traction Batteries

Withdrawn

BS EN 60079-14

Explosive Atmosphere. Electrical Installations Design, Selection and Erection

Replaces BS 5345 Pt. 1 & 3

BS EN IEC 62485-2

Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. - Stationary Batteries

Replaces BS EN 50272-2

BS EN IEC 62485-3

Safety Requirements for Secondary Batteries and Battery Installations. - Traction Batteries

Replaces BS EN 50272-3

EUROPEAN STANDARDSEN 3Portable Fire ExtinguishersPt 8Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for the Construction, Resistance to Pressure and Mechanical Tests for extinguishers with a Maximum Allowable Pressure Equal to or Lower than 30 Bar Pt 9Additional Requirements to EN 3 – 7 for Pressure Resistance of C02 Extinguishers EN 81 - 58

Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Lifts. Examination and Tests. Part 58 - Landing Doors Fire Resistance Test

EN 179Building Hardware – Emergency Exit Devices Operated by a Lever Handle or Push PadEN 520Gypsum Plasterboards – Definitions, Requirements and Test Methods

EN 671 - 1

Fixed Firefighting Systems. Hose Systems. Hose Reels with Semi-Rigid Hose

EN 1125Building Hardware – Panic Exit Devices Operated by a Horizontal BarEN 1154Building Hardware – Controlled Door Closing DevicesEN 1155Electrically Powered Hold Open Devices for Swing DoorsEN 1158Building Hardware – Door Coordinator Devices – Requirements and Test StandardsEN 1303Building Hardware – Cylinders for LocksEN 1363Fire Resistance Tests. General RequirementsEN 1364Fire Resistance Test for Non-loadbearing ElementsPt 1WallsEN 1365Fire Resistance Test for Loadbearing Elements. Floors and RoofsEN 1366Fire Resistance Test for Service Installations Pt 1Ventilation DuctsPt 3Penetration SealsPt 4Linear Joint SealsPt 8Smoke Extraction DuctsPt 9Single Compartment Smoke Extraction DuctsEN 1634-1Fire Resistance and Smoke Control Tests for Door and Shutter Assemblies, Openable Windows and Elements of Building Hardware Pt 1Fire Resistance Test for Door and Shutter Assemblies and Openable WindowEN 1751Ventilation for Buildings – Air Terminal Devices – Aerodynamic Testing of Damper and ValvesEN 1906Building Hardware. Lever Handles and Knob Furniture. Requirements and Test MethodEN 1935Building Hardware. Single-axis Hinges. Requirements and Test MethodsEN 12051Building Hardware. Door and Window Bolts. Requirements and Test MethodsEN 12101Smoke and Heat Control SystemsPt 1Specification for Smoke Barriers EN 12209Building Hardware. Mechanically Operated Locks and Locking plates. Requirements and Test MethodsEN 12600Glass in Building. Pendulum Test. Impact Test Method and Classification for Flat GlassEN 13501
Fire Classification of Construction Products and Building ElementsPt 5Classification Using Data from External Fire Exposure to Roofs Tests EN 13823

Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Building Products excluding Floorings exposed to the Thermal Attack by a Single Burning Item

EN 14041Resilient, Textile and Laminate Floor Coverings. Essential CharacteristicsEN 14064Thermal Insulation Products for Buildings. IN-situ Formed Loose-fill Mineral Wool [MW] Products. Specifications for the Loose-fill Products Before Insulation EN 14604Smoke Alarm DevicesEN 14846Building Hardware. Locks and Latches. Electromechanically Operated Locks and Striking Plates. Requirements and Test MethodsEN 15684Building Hardware – Mechatronic Cylinders – Requirements and Test MethodsEN 16623Paints and Varnishes. Reactive Coatings for Fire Protection of Metallic Substrates. Definitions, Requirements, Characteristics and MarkingEN 45545Railway Applications – Fire protection on Railway Vehicles  Pt 2Requirements for Fire Behaviour of Materials and ComponentsEN ISO 1182

Reaction to Fire Tests for Products - Non-Combustibility Test

EN ISO 1716

Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Determination of the Gross Heat of Combustion [Calorific Value]

EN ISO 5659Plastics - Smoke Generation Pt 2Determination of Optical Density by a Single-chamber TestEN ISO 11925 -2

Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Products subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2 : Single Flame Source Test

IEC STANDARDSIEC 60079Explosive AtmospheresIEC 60598-2-22Luminaries – Part 2-22: Particular Requirements - Luminaries for Emergency Lighting IEC 61730Photovoltaic [PV] Module for Safety QualificationPt 2Requirements for TestingISO STANDARDSISO 834

Fire resistance Tests - Elements of Building Construction

Pt 1General RequirementsPt 5Specific Requirements for Loadbearing Horizontal Separating ElementsPt 7Specific Requirements for ColumnsPt 8Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing Vertical Separating ElementsPt 9Specific Requirements for Non-loadbearing Ceiling ElementsISO 1896Thermal Insulating Asbestos BoardsISO 3864Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs Pt 1Design Principles for Safety Signs and Safety MarkingsPt 2Design Principles for Product Safety LabelsPt 3Design Principles for Graphical Symbols for Use in Safety SignsISO 5149

Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps - Safety and Environment Requirements

ISO 5167Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Differential Pressure DevicesISO 7010Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs – Registered Safety SignsISO 7244Air Distribution and Air Diffusion – Aerodynamic Testing of Dampers and ValvesISO 30061Emergency Lighting FACTORY MUTUAL RESEARCH COPORATIONFM 1311Centrifugal Fire Pumps Spilt-close Type [Axial or Radial]FM 1319Centrifugal Fire Pumps [Horizontal, END Suction Type]Note: SCDF shall not be held responsible for the accuracy of the standard titles shown in Table 1.2A.

Amendment History

Table 1.2A1 Dec 20201 Dec 2020ClarificationExisting Table 1.2A1 Dec 2020Download

TABLE 1.3A : ABBREVIATIONSAbbreviationDefinitionACMVAir-Conditioning & Mechanical VentilationAFAAccessible Floor AreaANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteASAustralian StandardASHRAEAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning EngineersASTMAmerican Society for Testing and MaterialsBREBuilding Research EstablishmentBSBritish StandardBSLBio-Safety LevelCoCCertificate of ConformityCoPCode of PracticeCl.ClauseCERTCompany Emergency Response TeamDINGerman Institute for StandardizationDoCDeclaration of ComplianceECExit CapacityENEuropean StandardFAMCPFully Automated Mechanised Car ParkFCCFire Command CentreFMFactory MutualFMRCFactory Mutual Research CorporationFSCFire Safety CertificateHFADHome Fire Alarm DeviceIECInternational Electrotechnical CommissionISOInternational Organisation For StandardisationLPGLiquid Petroleum GasMAQMaximum Allowable QuantityMCSTManagement Corporation Strata TitleMRAMutual Recognition ArrangementMSDSMaterial Safety Data SheetMVMechanical VentilationNFPANational Fire Protection AssociationNoANotice of ApprovalNZSNew Zealand StandardODAOutdoor Display AreaOLOccupant LoadORAOutdoor Refreshment AreaPGPurpose GroupPLSProduct Listing SchemePtPartPWDsPersons With DisabilitiesQPQualified PersonRIRegistered InspectorSACSingapore Accreditation CouncilSCDFSingapore Civil Defence ForceSSSingapore StandardSS ENSingapore Standard implementation of a European StandardTFPTemporary Fire PermitULUnderwriters LaboratoriesVIFDsVideo Image Fire Detection SystemWHOWorld Health Organisation

TABLE 1.4A - DESIGNATION OF PURPOSE GROUPSPurpose Group [PG]Descriptive TitlePurpose for which building or part of the building is used or intended to be usedISmall residentialResidential dwelling house, such as:

• bungalow

• detached house

• semi-detached house

• terrace house

II

Other residential

Accommodation for residential purposes other than any premises comprised in PG I, such as:

• apartment

• cluster housing

• condominium

• flat

• maisonette

• town house

IIIInstitutionalEstablishments used for treatment, care or maintenance of persons suffering from disabilities, such as:

• community hospital

• convalescent home

• home for intellectually • disabled

• home for the aged

• home for the spastic

• hospice

• hospital

• psychiatric hospital

• nursing home

Establishments used for care or maintenance of young/dependent persons, such as:

• children's home

• correction centre

• daycare centre

• detention centre

• dialysis centre

• infant-care centre

• rehabilitation centre

• school for the spastic

• senior activity centre

• orphanage

Establishments used for educational/training purposes, such as:

• college

• commerical/private • school

• enrichment centre

• kindergarten/nursery

• military camp

• polytechnic

• public school

• tuition centre

• university

• vocational institution

Establishments used for worker lodging purposes, such as:

• workers' dormitory

IVOfficePremises/areas/spaces/floors used for the purposes of administration and clerical work, or as premises occupied with an office for the purposes of the activities therein carried on, such as:

• banking

• insurance

• publisher

• stock broker

• telephone/telegraph operating

VShopPremises/areas/spaces/floors used for the following purposes [and/or any other similar trades or businesses]:

• beauty salon

• book store

• boutique

• confectionary outlet

• departmental store

• drugstore

• gift shop

• hairdressing salon

• jewellery shop

• laundry

• outpatient clinic

• pawnshop

• pet shop/clinic

• polyclinic

• provisional shop

• shopping arcade

• shopping centre

• show flat

• showrooms for sale of goods

• supermarket

• take-away F&B • outlet/kiosk

• ticketing agency

• travel agency

VIFactoryPremises/areas/spaces/floors with manufacturing, processing, servicing or testing activities, such as:

• aircraft hangar

• chemicals

• consumable products

• data/server centre

• electrical switching/transmitting

• fireworks

• food products

• glassware

• highly combustible substances

• highly flammable products

• incineration

• metalwork

• oil refinery

• pharmaceutical

• power generation

• recycling

• rubber

• ship building

• telecommunication exchange

• vehicle repair/servicing

• wafer

• waste treatment/pumping

• woodwork

VIIPlace of public resortPremises/areas/spaces/floors used for accommodation purpose, such as:

• backpacker hotel

• boarding house

• hotel

• staff quarters

• holiday resort

• serviced apartment

• student hostel

Premises/areas/spaces/floors used for educational purpose, such as:

• auditorium

• convention centre

• exhibition centre

• museum

• public art gallery

• public library

Premises used for social purpose such as:

• community centre

• private club

VIIPlace of public resortPremises/areas/spaces/floors used for entertainment purpose, such as:

• casino

• cinema

• concert hall

• discotheque

• internet gaming centre

• karaoke lounge

• night club

• theatre

Premises/areas/spaces/floors used for religious purpose, such as:

• church

• mosque

• temple

Premises/areas/spaces/floors used for body treatment purpose, such as:

• body massage

• foot reflexology

• gymnasium

• Spa

Premises/areas/spaces/floors used for recreational purpose, such as:

• amusement centre

• billiard/snooker centre

• bowling centre

• roof garden/terrace

• sky garden/terrace

• public sport complex

• public swimming complex

• stadium

Premises/areas/spaces/floors used for F&B purpose, such as:

• cafeteria

• canteen

• coffee shop

• eating house

• fast food outlet

• food court

• hawker centre

• Pub/bar

• restaurant

Premises/areas/spaces/floors used for transportation purpose, such as:

• airport terminal

• bus terminal

• ferry terminal

• train station

VIIIStoragePremises/areas/spaces/floors used for the purposes of storing, depositing or parking of goods, materials and/or vehicles, such as:

• coldroom

• godown

• store

• vehicle park

• warehouse

Note: Requirements for buildings not listed in this Table, including but not limited to buildings used for the manufacture and/or storage of highly combustible substances and/or flammable liquids, etc., shall be consulted with the SCDF.

Amendment History

Table 1.4A2 Mar 20202 Mar 2020ClarificationExisting Table 1.4A2 Mar 2020Download

TABLE 1.4B : OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORSFUNCTIONAL SPACESFACTOR [m 2/person]REMARKSAmusement park1

excluding machine areas

Apartment, residential15calculated on accessible floor areas of the unitArea of refugeambulatory care facility

1.4

custodian care facility1.4hospital2.8hospital0.56for area of refuge without patient accommodationnursing care facility2.8nursing care facility0.56for area of refuge without patient accommodationsupervisory care facility0.56Archive roomreading area

5

stack area10Atrium floor3Audio visual area3Auditorium/theatreWith individual fixed seating1.5occupant load can be based on number of fixed seatingWith fixed bench seating---occupant load based on 0.45m of length of the benches per personAudio visual control room for theatres/cinemas/concert halls5Backpacker hotel3accessible floor area of each room [including living area, toilet, etc.]. Max. 20 persons per roomBall room1.5Banking hall3Bar/pub1accessible floor areaBath room---non-simultaneousBazaar5Billiards room5Book/general storage30Bowling alley1excluding bowling lanesBusiness centre/office10Cafeteria1.5Canteen1.5including staff canteenCar parking area30Changing room---non-simultaneousChildren playground5with playground equipmentClassroom1.5Computer classroom1.5Club room1.5Concourse3Conference room1.5Consultant room5Common room1.5Computer room5Corridor---non-simultaneousCrematoria1.5Dance studio5Department store5Deposit/strong room30Design studio5Detention room3Dining areaHawker centre1.5Fast food outlet1Discotheque1accessible floor area [including dine & dance area]Dormitory4.2bedroom area only, excluding living area, toilet, etc.Examination room5Exposition/Trade fair area1.5Fast food outlet1Filing room/store10Foyer for bus terminal1.5Fitness club/centre5Function room1.5Galleryexhibits

2.5

choir1.5prayer1.5seating1.5occupant load can be based on number of fixed seatingtrading1.5viewing1.5surgical viewing3General storage30Goods storage30Grandstand / seating area1.5Guestroom / accommodation unit15

min. 2 persons per room or 15m2/person, whichever is higher

Gymnasium3.5Health club/centre5Hobby room1.5Housekeeping10Indoor games room1.5Indoor sport hallschool with multi-purpose hall3school without multi-purpose hall1Karaoke lounge1.5accessible floor area of the lounge [including dine & dance areas]Kitchen/service area10Laboratoryhealthcare occupancy20schools/colleges/tertiary institutions5Laundrywith machine operation15Lecture room1.5Library roomstack area10reading area5Lighting control roomtheatres/cinemas/concert halls5Loading/unloading area4 per bayLobby---non-simultaneousLocker room---non-simultaneousLounge2.5Machine/printing room10Maisonettes, residential15calculated on accessible floor areas of the unitMechanical plant room30Meeting room1.5Mortuary30Multi-purpose hall / roomschool/colleges      1Multi-purpose sports hallpublic sport complex3public swimming complex3stadium3Night club1.5accessible floor area [including dine & dance area]Nursing station10OfficeAdmin/general10director/manager room15drafting room/area5Operation theatre7.5Orchestral pit1.5Out-patient waiting area1.5Packing/distribution area10Pantry---non-simultaneousPassenger arrival / departure areasbus terminal1.5Patient accommodationintensive care20room10max 2 bedsward10Pedestrian linkwaywith commercial activities2aboveground or undergroundwithout commercial activities---non-simultaneousPharmacystaff area10public waiting area2Prayer hall1.5Pre-function room---non-simultaneousProduction area10automated or non-automatedProjection roomtheatre/cinema/concert hall5Promotion area1.5Pubplace behind counter10calculated on accessible floor areaother areas1Reading room5Reception area3Recreation room1.5Refreshment area1.5Restroom---non-simultaneousRestaurant1.5Roof---access for maintenance onlyRoof garden / roof terrace, private---non-simultaneous part of individual residential unitRoof garden / roof terrace, publichealth/exercise corner5with exercise equipmentjogging track/designated foot path300mm & 500mm high---without step/ramp accesssunken/elevated water feature 300mm in depth/height---permanent or fixed structuresunken planting area---fully covered with trees/shrubssunken planting area1.5turfother areas1.5Seminar room1.5Server room30Serviced apartment15per unitService area10Shop5Showroom5Sick room---non-simultaneousSkating rinkrink area3spectator area1.5Snack bar1.5Society room1.5Spa5include areas for weight training, aerobics, massage, sauna/steam bath and whirlpoolsSquash court2 per courtStaff office10Storage area30Staff canteen1.5Staff lounge3Staff quarters15min. 2 persons per room or 15m2/person, whichever is higherStage, back3Stage, frontschools/colleges/tertiary institutions3theatres/cinemas/concert halls---non-simultaneousStorage / store room30Swimming poolcondominium/apartment5hotel---private club---public sports complex2.5public swimming complex2.5serviced apartment---Swimming pool deckcondominium/apartment10hotel10private club10public sports complex5public swimming complex5serviced apartment10Student bedroom15

min. 2 persons per room or 15m2/person, whichever is higher

Supermarket5Therapy centre10Ticketing office10Toilet---non-simultaneousTrading floor2Training areapublic sports complex3public swimming complex3stadium3Treatment room5Visitors lounge3Waiting area3Warden's accommodation15Workshopinstitutional5industrial10

Amendment History

Table 1.4.B2 Dec 2019ImmediateClarificationOccupant load factor for “reading room” is missing.2 Dec 2019DownloadTable 1.4B [dated 15 Sep 2020]15 Mar 202115 Mar 2021RevisedExisting Table 1.4B15 Sep 2020DownloadTable 1.4B [dated 2 Mar 2020]2 Mar 20202 Mar 2020ClarificationExisting Table 1.4B2 Mar 2020DownloadTable 1.4B[ dated 30 July 2020]30 July 20201 Feb 2021RevisedOccupant load factor for dormitory - 3m2/person [bed room area only]30 July 2020Download

What type of dead end turnaround allows a vehicle to back into a space and turn around?

Which type of glass breaks into small granules rather than large sharp edged chunks and is used in windows that might be subject to high wind forces?