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DEFINITION
- Intellectual disability [ID], or intellectual developmental disorder, is a disorder originating during the developmental period that is characterized by significant limitations in both:
- Intellectual functioning [i.e. general mental capacity such as learning, reasoning, and problem solving] and
- Adaptive behavior [i.e. conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills]
- ID is classified under the Neurodevelopmental Disorders section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition [DSM-5].
- DSM-5 does not use intelligence quotient [IQ] cutoffs for severity level of ID [mild, moderate, severe, profound], but rather impairments in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
- For more information on how DSM-5 handles this cutoffs, please see the DSM-5 itself.
- DSM-5 does not use intelligence quotient [IQ] cutoffs for severity level of ID [mild, moderate, severe, profound], but rather impairments in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
- ID replaces the DSM-IV term "mental retardation" [MR].
- In this prior multiaxial system, the diagnosis of mental retardation was placed on Axis II.
- IQ cutoffs for mental retardation in DSM-IV were: mild [IQ 50-55 to ~70], moderate [IQ 35-40 to 50-55], severe [IQ 20-25 to 35-40], and profound [IQ < 20-25].
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DEFINITION
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Last updated: September 3, 2017
Citation
Williams, J. C, and Na Y Ji. "Intellectual Disability [Intellectual Developmental Disorder]." Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide, 2017. Johns Hopkins Guide, www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787033/all/Intellectual_Disability__Intellectual_Developmental_Disorder_.
Williams JC, Ji NY. Intellectual Disability [Intellectual Developmental Disorder]. Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. 2017. //www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787033/all/Intellectual_Disability__Intellectual_Developmental_Disorder_. Accessed December 12, 2022.
Williams, J. C., & Ji, N. Y. [2017]. Intellectual Disability [Intellectual Developmental Disorder]. In Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide //www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787033/all/Intellectual_Disability__Intellectual_Developmental_Disorder_
Williams JC, Ji NY. Intellectual Disability [Intellectual Developmental Disorder] [Internet]. In: Johns Hopkins Psychiatry Guide. ; 2017. [cited 2022 December 12]. Available from: //www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Psychiatry_Guide/787033/all/Intellectual_Disability__Intellectual_Developmental_Disorder_.
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