What involves the manipulation and measurement of variables?

In which research method manipulation of 'independent variable' and control of 'extraneous variables' are neither possible nor desirable? 

1. ​Experimental method
2. Ex post facto method
3. Historical method
4. Descriptive survey method

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Ex post facto method

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Teaching Aptitude Mock Test

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• The experimental method features the manipulation of an independent variable, the measurement of a dependent variable, and control of extraneous variables.
• The manipulation of 'independent variable' and control of 'extraneous variables'  is quite impossible in the Ex post facto method.

Ex post facto method:

• The research starts after the fact have occurred
• The investigation starts 'after the fact'
• It is also known as casual comparative research
• The researcher identified the event that already occurred
• Manipulation is not possible in this research as the researcher predicts the cause based on the dependent variable.
• For example Study on the effects of an earthquake

• Independent variable: The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other variables you are trying to measure. It refers to the condition of an experiment that is systematically manipulated by the investigator. It is the presumed cause.
• Dependent variable: The variable that depends on other factors that are measured. These variables are expected to change as a result of experimental manipulation of the independent variable or variables. It is the presumed effect.
• Extraneous variables: anything that varies in the context of a study other than the independent and dependent variables. It is also called the participant variable. For example, noise, writing ability, ill-health in communication.

Last updated on Sep 21, 2022

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