What is the type of research in which people of different ages are compared to the same point in time?
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Observational studies Show
Here researchers observe the effect of a risk factor, diagnostic test or treatment without trying to influence what happens. Such studies are usually "retrospective" — the data are based on events that have already happened. Most workplace health research falls into this category. Cohort study: For research purposes, a cohort is any group of people who are linked in some way and followed over time. Researchers observe what happens to one group that's been exposed to a particular variable — for example, the effect of company downsizing on the health of office workers. This group is then compared to a similar group that hasn't been exposed to the variable. Case control study: Here researchers use existing records to identify people with a certain health problem (“cases”) and a similar group without the problem (“controls”). Example: To learn whether a certain drug causes birth defects, one might collect data about children with defects (cases) and about those without defects (controls). The data are compared to see whether cases are more likely than controls to have mothers who took the drug during pregnancy. Some strengths of observational studies This may be the only way researchers can explore certain questions. For example, it would be unethical to design a randomized controlled trial (see below) deliberately exposing workers to a potentially harmful situation. But... The results of observational studies are, by their nature, open to dispute. Example: A cohort study might find that people who meditated regularly were less prone to heart disease than those who didn't. But the link may be explained by the fact that people who meditate also exercise more and follow healthier diets. Experimental studies Here researchers introduce an intervention and study the effects. Experimental studies are usually randomized, meaning the subjects are grouped by chance. While not all controlled studies are randomized, all randomized trials are controlled. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Eligible people are randomly assigned to two or more groups. One group receives the intervention (such as a new drug) while the control group receives nothing or an inactive placebo. The researchers then study what happens to people in each group. Any difference in outcomes can then be linked to the intervention. Controlled Clinical Trial (CCT) This is similar to an RCT, except that subjects are not randomly assigned to the treatment or control groups. This increases the chance for “bias”–that is, that people with similar qualities ended up in each of the groups which could influence the final results. Some strengths of experimental studies The RCT is still considered the “gold standard” for producing reliable evidence because little is left to chance. But... There's a growing realization that such research is not perfect, and that many questions simply can't be studied using this approach. Such research is time-consuming and expensive — it may take years before results are available. Cross-sectional study is defined as an observational study where data is collected as a whole to study a population at a single point in time to examine the relationship between variables of interest. Longitudinal study, like the cross-sectional
study, is also an observational study, in which data is gathered from the same sample repeatedly over an extended period of time. Longitudinal study can last from a few years to even decades depending on what kind of information needs to be obtained. Cross-sectional and longitudinal study both are types of observational study, where the participants are observed in their natural environment. There are no alteration or changes in the environment in which the participants exist. Despite this marked similarity, there are distinctive differences between both these forms of study. Let us analyze the differences between cross-sectional study and longitudinal
study.
ConclusionIt is true, study design greatly depends on the nature of research questions. Whenever a researcher decides to collect data by deploying surveys to his/her participants, what matters the most are the survey questions that are placed tactfully, so as to gather meaningful insights. In other words, to know what kind of information a study should be able to collect is the first step in determining how to carry out the rest of the study. What steps need to be included and what can be given a pass. Continuing from the example above, a researcher wants to establish a relation between the variables, “jogging” and “cholesterol” in this case, one of the first things that a researcher would need to establish in this kind of study is, to tell the most about the relationship. A few questions to ask would be, whether to compare cholesterol levels among different populations of joggers, non-joggers at the same point in time? Or to measure cholesterol levels in a single population of daily joggers over an extended period of time? The first approach typically requires a cross-sectional study and the second approach requires a longitudinal study. What is the type of research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time group of answer choices?Cross-sectional research designs are used to examine behavior in participants of different ages who are tested at the same point in time. Let's suppose that researchers are interested in the relationship between intelligence and aging.
What research studies people of different ages at the same time?Think of a cross-sectional study as a snapshot of a particular group of people at a given point in time. Unlike longitudinal studies, which look at a group of people over an extended period, cross-sectional studies are used to describe what is happening at the present moment.
Which type of study compares the same people with themselves at different ages?Longitudinal research designs are used to examine behavior in the same individuals over time. For instance, with our example of studying intelligence and aging, a researcher might conduct a longitudinal study to examine whether 20-year-olds become less intelligent with age over time.
What is the type of research where researchers compare different age groups at a given time?Cross-sectional studies allow the study of many variables at a given time. Researchers can look at age, gender, income etc in relation to jogging and cholesterol at a very little or no additional cost involved.
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