Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones [hyperthyroidism]. Although a number of disorders may result in hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause.
Thyroid hormones affect many body systems, so signs and symptoms of Graves' disease can be wide ranging. Although Graves' disease may affect anyone, it's more common among women and in people younger than age 40.
The primary treatment goals are to reduce the amount of thyroid hormones that the body produces and lessen the severity of symptoms.
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Symptoms
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Enlarged thyroid
Enlarged thyroid
Widespread enlargement of the thyroid can expand the gland well beyond its typical size [left] and cause a noticeable bulge in the neck [right].
Common signs and symptoms of Graves' disease include:
- Anxiety and irritability
- A fine tremor of the hands or fingers
- Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration or warm, moist skin
- Weight loss, despite normal eating habits
- Enlargement of the thyroid gland [goiter]
- Change in menstrual cycles
- Erectile dysfunction or reduced libido
- Frequent bowel movements
- Bulging eyes [Graves' ophthalmopathy]
- Fatigue
- Thick, red skin usually on the shins or tops of the feet [Graves' dermopathy]
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat [palpitations]
- Sleep disturbance
Graves' ophthalmopathy
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Graves' ophthalmopathy
Graves' ophthalmopathy
Graves' ophthalmopathy signs and symptoms include bulging eyes, redness and retracting eyelids.
About 30% of people with Graves' disease show some signs and symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy. In Graves' ophthalmopathy, inflammation and other immune system events affect muscles and other tissues around your eyes. Signs and symptoms may include:
- Bulging eyes
- Gritty sensation in the eyes
- Pressure or pain in the eyes
- Puffy or retracted eyelids
- Reddened or inflamed eyes
- Light sensitivity
- Double vision
- Vision loss
Graves' dermopathy
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Graves' dermopathy
Graves' dermopathy
Rarely, people who have Graves' disease develop a reddish thickening of the skin that resembles the texture of an orange peel [Graves' dermopathy]. This results from a buildup of protein in the skin. It often occurs on the shins and on the tops of the feet.
An uncommon manifestation of Graves' disease, called Graves' dermopathy, is the reddening and thickening of the skin, most often on your shins or the tops of your feet.
When to see a doctor
A number of medical conditions can cause the signs and symptoms associated with Graves' disease. See your doctor if you experience any potential problems related to Graves' disease to get a prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Seek emergency care if you're experiencing heart-related signs and symptoms, such as a rapid or irregular heartbeat, or if you develop vision loss.
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