Which ethical principles will you adhere to during your Ph D study list and explain briefly?
Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research. In addition, it educates and monitors scientists conducting research to ensure a high ethical standard. The following is a general summary of some ethical principles: Show
Honesty: Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Objectivity: Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research. Integrity: Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action. Carefulness: Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good records of research activities. Openness: Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas. Respect for Intellectual Property: Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize. Confidentiality: Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. Responsible Publication: Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. Responsible Mentoring: Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. Respect for Colleagues: Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly. Social Responsibility: Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy. Non-Discrimination: Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. Competence: Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. Legality: Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. Animal Care: Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. Human Subjects Protection: When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Source:
What is Research Ethics?
Objectives of Research Ethics:
The general principles of research ethics are:
Broad Categorization of Principles of Research Ethics:Broadly categorizing, there are mainly five principles of research ethics: 1. MINIMIZING THE RISK OF HARM It is necessary to minimize any sort of harm to the participants. There are a number of forms of harm that participants can be exposed to. They are:
In order to minimize the risk of harm, the researcher/data collector should:
2. OBTAINING INFORMED CONSENT One of the fundamentals of research ethics is the notion of informed consent. Informed consent means that a person knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently gives consent to participate in a research. Informed consent means that the participants should be well-informed about the:
3. PROTECTING ANONYMITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY Protecting the anonymity and confidentiality of research participants is an additionally applied constituent of research ethics. Protecting anonymity:It means keeping the participant anonymous. It involves not revealing the name, caste or any other information about the participants that may reveal his/her identity. Maintaining confidentiality: It refers to ensuring that the information given by the participant are confidential and not shared with anyone, except the research team. It is also about keeping the information secretly from other people. 4. AVOIDING MISLEADING PRACTICES
5. PROVIDING THE RIGHT TO WITHDRAW
Apart from the above-mentioned ethics, other ethical aspects things that must be considered while doing research are: Protection of vulnerable groups of people:
Skills of the researcher:
Advantages of Research Ethics:
Limitations of Research Ethics:For subjects:
How can we ensure ethics at different steps of research?The following process helps to ensure ethics at different steps of research:
References and For More Information:http://dissertation.laerd.com/principles-of-research-ethics.php https://researchethics.ca/what-is-research-ethics/ https://www.who.int/ethics/Ethics_basic_concepts_ENG.pdf https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm https://research.ku.edu/sites/research.ku.edu/files/docs/EESE_EthicalDecisionmakingFramework.pdf https://www.who.int/ethics/research/en/ https://www.ufrgs.br/bioetica/cioms2008.pdf https://www.who.int/ethics/research/en/#:~:text=WHO%20Research%20Ethics%20Review%20Committee,financially%20or%20technically%20by%20WHO. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/ethics/review_bodies_guide_serg/en/ https://www.who.int/ethics/indigenous_peoples/en/index13.html https://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/80(2)114.pdf https://www.who.int/about/ethics https://www.slideshare.net/uqudent/introduction-to-research-ethics https://libguides.library.cityu.edu.hk/researchmethods/ethics#:~:text=Methods%20by%20Subject-,What%20is%20Research%20Ethics%3F,ensure%20a%20high%20ethical%20standard. https://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/principles https://www.hsj.gr/medicine/what-are-the-major-ethical-issues-in-conducting-research-is-there-a-conflict-between-the-research-ethics-and-the-nature-of-nursing.php?aid=3485 https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/research-ethics.html Which ethical principles will you adhere to during your PHD study?Principles of research ethics. Respect for persons - autonomy and protecting those with diminished autonomy. ... . Beneficence and non-maleficence. ... . Justice. ... . Informed consent. ... . Confidentiality and data protection. ... . Integrity. ... . Conflict of interest.. What are the 7 ethical principles in research?In this article, which has become a seminal piece in the field, the authors propose seven requirements that a clinical research study needs to fulfill in order to be considered ethical: social or scientific value, scientific validity, fair subject selection, favorable risk-benefit ratio, independent review, informed ...
What are the 5 basic principles ethics?The five principles, autonomy, justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and fidelity are each absolute truths in and of themselves.
What are the 5 ethical principles that should be taken into account when performing research?Five principles for research ethics. Discuss intellectual property frankly. ... . Be conscious of multiple roles. ... . Follow informed-consent rules. ... . Respect confidentiality and privacy. ... . Tap into ethics resources.. |