What do you call to the list of sources that have been referred to within the research which includes direct quotations?
Last Updated: 25 Jun, 2020 Views: 191792 Show
So, you have a book/article/etc by Brown, and he has cited a work by Smith. You want to use that information, but who do you cite? If you are just paraphrasing the information, and you don't need to mention the original author, you can just cite the work you have in front of you without worrying about the original author. However, if you actually want to cite the original author (because you are drawing attention to the fact that they said it, or because it's a direct quote), then you would use a secondary citation. In text, you say: Smith (as cited in Brown, 2009) noted that "..." (p. 6). Or It was noted that "..." (Smith, as cited in Brown, 2009, p. 6). In the reference list you only mention Brown's work (because you only reference what you actually read). Remember, you don't have to use a secondary citation for every piece of information your author got from another source - you only need to use a secondary citation if you are using Smith's exact words, or referring to her work or theories, but you have only read Brown's work (where he cited her). The APA Guide has more information on this under the ‘What if. . . ?’ tab. Comments (12)When To CiteA citation is a reference to the source of information used in your research. Any time you directly quote, paraphrase or summarize the essential elements of someone else's idea in your work, an in-text citation should follow. An in-text citation is a brief notation within the text of your paper or presentation which refers the reader to a fuller notation, or end-of-paper citation, that provides all necessary details about that source of information. Direct quotations should be surrounded by quotations marks and are generally used when the idea you want to capture is best expressed by the source. Paraphrasing and summarizing involve rewording an essential idea from someone else's work, usually to either condense the point or to make it better fit your writing style. You do not have to cite your own ideas, unless they have been published. And you do not have to cite common knowledge, or information that most people in your audience would know without having to look it up. In-Text CitationsIn-text citations alert the reader to an idea from an outside source. Parenthetical NotesIn MLA and APA styles, in-text citations usually appear as parenthetical notes (sometimes called parenthetical documentation). They are called parenthetical notes because brief information about the source, usually the author's name, year of publication, and page number, is enclosed in parentheses as follows: MLA style: (Smith 263) APA style: (Smith, 2013, p. 263) Parenthetical notes are inserted into the text of the paper at the end of a sentence or paragraph:>
Note: Different source types and situations require different information within the parentheses. Refer to a style guide for the style you are using for details. Note NumbersIn Chicago and CSE styles, in-text citations usually appear as superscript numerals, or note numbers, as follows: These note numbers are associated with full citations that can appear as footnotes (bottom of page), endnotes (end of chapter or paper), or lists of cited references at
the end of the paper. Footnotes Endnotes End-of-Paper CitationsEnd-of-paper citations, as well as footnotes and endnotes, include full details about a source of information. Citations contain different pieces of identifying information about your source depending on what type of source it is. In academic research, your sources will most commonly be articles from scholarly journals, and the citation for an article typically includes:
At the end of your research paper, full citations should be listed in order according to the citation style you are using:
MLA
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