When a response is followed by the presentation of a stimulus and as a result?

For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more!

Go to My PLUS Dashboard Launch SparkNotes PLUS

Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Continue to start your free trial.

Start free trial of SparkNotes Plus

ABLearningA relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavioral potential) due to experienceBehaviorismAn approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment as a determinant of behaviorConditioningA basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responsesUnconditioned stimulus (US)The classical-conditioning term for a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learningUnconditioned response (UR)The classical-conditioning term for a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learningConditioned stimulus (CS)The classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulusConditioned response (CR)The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus; occurs after the conditioned stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulusClassical conditioningThe process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related responseExtinctionThe weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response; in classical conditioning, it occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulusSpontaneous recoveryThe reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinctionHigher-order conditioningIn classical conditioning, a procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with analready established conditioned stimulusStimulus generalizationAfter conditioning, the tendency to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involved in the original conditioning; in classical conditioning, it occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned responseStimulus discriminationThe tendency to respond differently to two or more similar stimuli; in classical conditioning, it occurs when a stimulus similar to the CS fails to evoke the CRCounterconditioningIn classical conditioning, the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned responseOperant conditioningThe process by which a response becomes more likely to occur or less so, depending on its consequencesReinforcementThe process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it followsPunishmentThe process by which a stimulus or event weakens or reduces the probability of the response that it followsInstinctive driftThe tendency of an organism to revert to an instinctive behavior over time; it can interfere with learningPositive reinforcementA reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the presentation of, or increase in intensity of, a reinforcing stimulus; as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occurNegative reinforcementA reinforcement procedure in which a response is followed by the removal, delay, or decrease in intensity of an unpleasant stimulus, as a result, the response becomes stronger or more likely to occurPrimary reinforcerA stimulus that is inherently reinforcing, typically satisfying a physiological need; an example is foodPrimary punisherA stimulus that is inherently punishing; an example is an electric shockSecondary reinforcerA stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through association with other reinforcersSecondary punisherA stimulus that has acquired punishing properties through association with other punishersExtinctionThe weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response; in operant conditioning, it occurs when a response is no longer followed by a reinforcerStimulus generalizationIn operant conditioning, the tendency for a response that has been reinforced (or punished) in the presence of one stimulus to occur (or be suppressed) in the presence of another, similar, stimulusStimulus discriminationIn operant conditioning, the tendency of a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of other, similar, stimuli that differ from it in some dimensionDiscriminative stimulusA stimulus that signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequenceStimulus controlControl over the occurrence of a response by a discriminative stimulusContinuous reinforcementA reinforcement schedule in which a particular response is always reinforcedIntermittent (partial) schedule of reinforcementA reinforcement schedule in which a particular response is sometimes but not always reinforcedFixed-ratio (FR) scheduleAn intermittent schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs only after a fixed number of responsesVariable ratio (VR) scheduleAn intermittent schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs after a variable number of responsesFixed-interval (FI) scheduleAn intermittent schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered for the first response made after a fixed period of time has elapsed since the last reinforcerVariable interval (VI) scheduleAn intermittent schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered for a response made after a variable period of time has elapsed since the last reinforcerShapingAn operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced; used when the desired response has a low probability of occurring spontaneouslyBehavior modificationThe application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behaviorToken economyA behavior-modification technique in which secondary reinforcers called tokens, which can be collected and exchanged for primary or other secondary reinforcers, are used to shape behaviorExtrinsic reinforcersReinforcers that are not inherently related to the activity being reinforced, such as money, prizes and praiseIntrinsic reinforcersReinforcers that are inherently related to the activity being reinforced, such as enjoyment of the task and the satisfaction of accomplishmentSocial-learning theoriesTheories that emphasize how behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of others, positive consequences, and cognitive processes such as plans, expectations and motivting beliefsObservational learningA process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behavior of another (a model) rather than through direct experienceLatent learningA form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without obvious reinforcementCognitive mapA mental representation of the environmentInsightA form of problem solving that appears to involve the (often sudden) understanding of how elements of a situation are related or can be reorganized to achieve a solution

When a response is followed by the presentation of a stimulus and as a result similar?

When a behavior occurs and is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior it is referred to as?

When a behavior occurs and is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future it is referred to as quizlet?

When a behavior is followed immediately by the withdrawal or termination of a stimulus and as a result occurs more often in the future?