The improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is due to
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Lifespan Development- Exam 2Chapter71. Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of:A. increased myelination of the central nervous system.B. advances in the prefrontal cortex.C. an increase in the neurotransmitter dopamine.D. a simultaneous process where axons in the brain die off, while dendrites in the brain grow andbranch out. Show
2. In 2009–2010, _____ percent of U.S. 6- to 11-year-olds were classified as obese.  3. Which of the following is the second leading cause of death in U.S. children 5 to 14 years ofage? 4. Lillette, 9, has been diagnosed with _____, a cancer in which the bone marrow manufacturesan abundance of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out normal cells, making hersusceptible to bruising and infection. 5. About _____ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.A. twiceB. three timesC. halfD. one-third 6. Research indicates that it is unlikely that learning disabilities: 7. A number of causes for ADHD have been proposed, including: 8. A recent study revealed that peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs _____ in childrenwith ADHD than in children without ADHD. 9. The most recent estimate is that _____ children had an autism spectrum disorder in 2008.A. 1 in 88B. 1 in 2,500C. 1 in 1,000D. 1 in 150 10. _____ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively goodverbal language, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests andrelationships. 11. What causes the autism spectrum disorders? Motor skills are skills that enable the movements and tasks we do every day. Learning these skills is a crucial part of child development. Fine motor skills are those that require a high degree of control and precision and use the small muscles of the hand or wrist (such as using a fork or crayon). Gross motor skills use the large muscles in the body to allow for balance, coordination, reaction time, and physical strength so that we can do bigger movements, such as walking, running, and jumping. Motor skills enable the movements children need for everyday tasks, from playing and feeding themselves to moving from place to place. Typically, children develop certain motor skills at specific ages, but not every child will reach milestones at precisely the same time. A child with motor impairments has trouble moving in a controlled, coordinated, and efficient way. If your child seems to be delayed in developing fine or gross motor skills, they will likely undergo an assessment and may require physical or occupational therapy to catch up. Fine motor skill activities involve manual dexterity and often require coordinating movements of the hands and fingers with the eyes, which is known as hand-eye coordination. Components of fine motor skills include being able to grip and manipulate objects, use both hands for a task, and use just the thumb and one finger to pick something up rather than the whole hand. The following are just a few examples of fine motor skills that typically occur at different phases of child development. Birth to 3 Months
3 to 6 Months
6 to 9 Months
9 to 12 Months
12 to 18 Months
18 Months to 2 Years
Age 2
Age 3
Age 4
Age 5
Age 6
You can encourage your baby to improve their fine motor skills by laying them under a play gym, using wrist or ankle rattles, or moving a colorful toy around so they can visually track it. For toddlers, activities that might improve fine motor skills include encouraging them to pick up objects with tongs, building with blocks, and doing craft projects. You can also encourage toddlers and preschoolers to play with play-dough, sponges, pasta, or water toys. Gross Motor SkillsGross motor skills are movements that involve large muscle groups and are generally more broad and energetic than fine motor movements. These movements include walking, kicking, jumping, and climbing stairs. Some milestones for gross motor skills also involve eye-hand coordination, such as throwing or catching a ball. The following are some examples of gross motor skills that typically occur at different phases of childhood development. 3 to 6 Months
6 Months to 12 Months
Age 1
Age 2
Age 3
Age 4
Age 5
Age 6
Encourage your baby to work on their gross motor skills by doing lots of tummy time. Once they master that, encourage them to reach for (and later crawl towards) toys placed in front of them. To encourage your baby to walk, help them stand and take steps by holding their arms. With toddlers and preschoolers, encourage them to build forts, dance to songs like "Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes," play pretend, and pull their toys in wagons. Motor Skill DelaysChildren with neurological conditions or developmental delays may have difficulty with fine motor skills. Difficulties with fine motor skills often aren't diagnosed until preschool when it becomes more obvious that children are struggling with different school activities, such as learning to copy shapes or letters. Some children will be diagnosed with dysgraphia, a learning difference that affects writing skills, while others might be diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD or dyspraxia), a condition that is still not widely understood. Kids with fine motor skill difficulties might need occupational therapy, modifications, or assistive technology. It may be easier to notice if your child isn't reaching gross motor skill milestones than fine motor milestones because gross motor skills are among the most anticipated; you're probably eagerly anticipating your baby rolling over, crawling, pulling themselves up along furniture, and taking their first steps. As a child grows, you note when they are running and playing and how well they do in physical games and sports. Children with neurological problems, developmental delays, or disabilities will usually be diagnosed by their pediatrician if they consistently miss major milestones. Gross motor skill delays may also be a sign of dyspraxia. If children's gross motor delays affect movements, they may receive physical therapy to help with gross motor skills or they may need modifications or assistive technology to keep up with mobility or athletics. A Word From VerywellWhile each child is different, don't hesitate to discuss any concerns about your child's motor skills with your pediatrician. If your child is referred to occupational therapy or physical therapy, you will be involved in the therapy and will be given instructions on how to work with your child at home to build their motor skills. By Terri Mauro Thanks for your feedback! What are fine motor skills in middle childhood?Fine motor development is particularly important for penmanship. Most 6-year-old children can write the alphabet, their names, and numbers in large print, making strokes with their entire arm. With development, children become able to use their wrists and fingers to write.
How are fine motor skills developed?Fine motor skills start to develop when a child uses the smaller muscles in their hands, wrists, fingers, feet and toes. Developing those muscles includes actions like grasping, holding, pressing, or using a pincer grip (holding something between the fore-finger and thumb).
What is middle and late childhood development?Middle and late childhood spans the ages between early childhood and adolescence, approximately ages 6 to 11 years. Children gain greater control over the movement of their bodies, mastering many gross and fine motor skills that eluded the younger child.
What are the motor skills of late childhood?Constituents of motor behavior during late childhood:
Movement in late childhood becomes more controlled, more efficient and increasingly complex. Children during this period move with considerable agility, they became quite proficient at handedness, balancing, locomotion and manipulative abilities.
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