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A graph of the business cycle illustrates the short- term fluctuations that take place in economy.

Peak is the highest point of the business cycle. At the peak, the economy is operating at or very near full capacity and full employment

Concerns regarding inflation are often present during this phase. In the recession phase, output falls and unemployment rises. Prices may fluctuate as well, depending on the length and severity of the recession

A recession occurs when the economy has experienced at least two consecutive quarters of decreasing real output (real GDP). A long lasting and deep recession is called a depression.

The trough, or bottom of the business cycle, signal the end of a recession. Unemployment is at its highest here.

An expansion (recovery) occurs when the economy has successfully passed through the trough, real output starts to expand and unemployment starts to decline.

The economy begins its move towards full employment and maximum real output. As the economy moves towards the peak, prices may rise.

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What happens to real GDP prices and unemployment at the peak of a business cycle?

The peak marks the end of an expansion and the beginning of the next stage, the contraction. During the contraction, GDP decreases, unemployment rises, and prices remain steady or fall.

What happens to real GDP at the peak of a business cycle?

At time t 1 in Figure 5.1 “Phases of the Business Cycle”, an expansion ends and real GDP turns downward. The point at which an expansion ends and a recession begins is called the peak of the business cycle. Real GDP then falls during a period of recession.

What happens to real GDP when unemployment rises?

A More Detailed Look at Okun's Law Another version of Okun's law focuses on a relationship between unemployment and GDP, whereby a percentage increase in unemployment causes a 2% fall in GDP.

What happens to GDP in the business cycle?

As the economy moves through the business cycle, a number of additional economic indicators tend to shift alongside GDP. During an economic expansion, economy- wide employment, incomes, industrial production, and sales all tend to increase alongside the rising real GDP.