Are the final products of genes that perform the function encoded by any gene?
Show updated: September 6, 2022 DefinitionGene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to either make RNA molecules that code for proteins or to make non-coding RNA molecules that serve other functions. Gene expression acts as an “on/off switch” to control when and where RNA molecules and proteins are made and as a “volume control” to determine how much of those products are made. The process of gene expression is carefully regulated, changing substantially under different conditions. The RNA and protein products of many genes serve to regulate the expression of other genes.
NarrationGene expression. Although an organism may have many thousand of genes encoded in the DNA, not all of those genes are actively turned on to create messenger RNA at all times. Gene expression is that process of turning on a specific gene to start making messenger RNA. The messenger RNA can then perform intended jobs in the cell, such as forming proteins. Gene expression controls both whether or not the messenger RNA is made, as well as how much messenger RNA is made at that time. We expect there to be differences in gene expression across different types of cells in the body at different stages of development and under different biological conditions, depending on the functions needed by the body at a particular time. SearchBy gene expression we mean the transcription of a gene into mRNA and its subsequent translation into protein. Gene expression is primarily controlled at the level of transcription, largely as a result of binding of proteins to specific sites on DNA. In 1965 Francois Jacob, Jacques Monod, and Andre Lwoff shared the Nobel prize in medicine for their work supporting the idea that control of enzyme levels in cells is regulated by transcription of DNA. occurs through regulation of transcription, which can be either induced or repressed. These researchers proposed that production of the enzyme is controlled by an "operon," which consists a series of related genes on the chromosome consisting of an operator, a promoter, a regulator gene, and structural genes.
The operator gene is the sequence of non-transcribable DNA that is the repressor binding site. There is also a regulator gene, which codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule hat binds to the operator
Source: http://biowiki.ucdavis.edu/Under_Construction/BioStuff/BIO_101/Reading_and_Lecture_Notes/Control_of_Gene_Expression_in_Prokaryotes Control of Gene Expression in EukaryotesEukaryotic cells have similar mechanisms for control of gene expression, but they are more complex. Consider, for example, that prokaryotic cells of a given species are all the same, but most eukaryotes are multicellular organisms with many cell types, so control of gene expression is much more complicated. Not surprisingly, gene expression in eukaryotic cells is controlled by a number of complex processes which are summarized by the following list.
Source: http://www.78stepshealth.us/plasma-membrane/eukaryotic-chromosomes.html
Source: http://unmug.com/category/biology/organisation-control-of-genome/
Source: http://www.nbs.csudh.edu/chemistry/faculty/nsturm/CHE450/19_InsulinGlucagon.htm
Source: http://sites.saschina.org/emily01px2016/2014/11/23/a-variety-of-intercellular-and-intracellular-signal-transmissions-mediate-gene-expression/
RNAiSome RNA virus will invade cells and introduce double-stranded RNA which will use the cells machinery to make new copies of viral RNA and viral proteins. The cell's RNA interference system (RNAi) can prevent the viral RNA from replicating. First, an enzyme nicknamed "Dicer" chops any double-stranded RNA it finds into pieces that are about 22 nucleotides long. Next, protein complexes called RISC (RNA-induced Silencing Complex) bind to the fragments of double-stranded RNA, winds it, and then releases one of the strands, while retaining the other. The RISC-RNA complex will then bind to any other viral RNA with nucleotide sequences matching those on the RNA attached to the complex. This binding blocks translation of viral proteins at least partially, if not completely. The RNAi system could potentially be used to develop treatments for defective genes that cause disease. The treatment would involve making a double-stranded RNA from the diseased gene and introducing it into cells to silence the expression of that gene. For an illustrated explanation of RNAi, see the short, interactive Flash module at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/rnai-explained.html The RNA interference system is also explained more completely in the video below from Nature Video.
return to top | previous page | next page What are the final products of genes that perform the function of encoded by the gene?The functional products of most known genes are proteins, or, more accurately, polypeptides. Polypeptide is just another word for a chain of amino acids. Although many proteins consist of a single polypeptide, some are made up of multiple polypeptides. Genes that specify polypeptides are called protein-coding genes.
What is the final part of gene expression?Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect.
What is the final product of a DNA transcription?In transcription, a portion of the double-stranded DNA template gives rise to a single-stranded RNA molecule. In some cases, the RNA molecule itself is a "finished product" that serves some important function within the cell.
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